The purpose of expansion couplings to be fitted on the longitudinal pipelines of oil tankers is:
To allow the pipelines to follow the ships flexing movement when pitching.
To allow the pipeline to expand when loading a hot cargo through the pipeline.
To prevent the pipeline from cracking when the ship suffers from Racking stresses.
The approximate Upper Flammable Limit of Crude Oil when measured as a percentage volume in air is:
The approximate API gravity of Arabian Light Crude is:
The maximum permitted oxygen content in the inert gas supply when inerting a cargo oil tank prior to gas freeing is:
According to 33 CFR 156.170, for oil tankers trading in US waters, the minimum requirement for testing of cargo transfer hoses and associated piping system are:
That no leakage occurs under dynamic fluid pressure of less than 1,5 times the maximum allowable working pressure.
That no leakage occurs at the nominal anticipated working pressure.
That no leakage occurs under static liquid pressure of at least 1,5 times the maximum allowable working pressure.
What is the purpose of girders in the tank?
They transfer all the cargo forces acting on the plating.
They support the stiffeners and also take up some of the sea forces.
They transfer all sea forces acting on plating.
They support the stiffeners.
Any person who can assume overall charge of the ships crude oil washing operation must have:
They must have at least six months experience on tankers, be knowledgeable of the cleaning procedures and equipment applicable on board the vessel and be able to fully demonstrate understanding of the operation of the ODME equipment.
At least 12 months appropriate experience on oil tankers, have participated in at least two COW programmes and be fully knowledgeable of the contents of the Operations and Equipment Manual.
They must have at least three months experience on tankers, have participated in at least six washing operations and be aware of the procedures associated with the completion of the Oil Record Book.
Oil tankers are subject to cyclical bending moments throughout their life as a result classification society rules require a specific minimum reduction in steel thickness to be maintained within “x” length amidships, where “x” is:
During an audit, adherence to the company cargo handling procedures can best be demonstrated:
By requesting that an audit takes place during cargo operations.
By providing a summary of out-turn figures for the auditor.
By being able to provide comprehensive and verifiable documentary records of cargo operations.
The maximum oxygen content by volume permitted in the cargo tanks throughout the crude oil washing operation is:
In context of cargo oil depth and ullage measurements, the abbreviation UTI stands for:
Ullage Topping Instrument.
Ullage Temperature Interface.
When describing the characteristics of oil cargoes or oil/water slops, a “mercaptan” is:
A colourless, odorous gas, with a smell similar to rotting cabbage and which is generated naturally by the degredation of natural organisms, as may be found where water has remained under oil for a long time.
A chemical additive blended with crude oil to inhibit the natural “rotten egg” smell associated with certain grades.
The component of hydrocarbon-based cargoes which is formed from Merolion Carbonized Tannin.
If all indications are that a cargo has been received without damages, irregularities or short shipment and the phrase “apparent good order and condition” is entered on the Bill of Lading, then this Bill is this said to be:
A Due Title Bill of Lading.
An endorsed Bill of Lading.
A Bill of Lading completed for shipment.
When documenting Crude Oil Washing operations in the Oil Record Book, which of the following must be included in the sequence of entries?
The ullage in the tank at the commencement of washing.
The average oil cargo temperature during the washing operation.
The ship’s speed during the washing operation.
The method of establishing that the cargo tanks were dry.
As per the US Code of Federal Regulations, the current Oil Transfer Procedures for a vessel carrying out discharge in US ports must be:
That the procedures be legibly printed in a language or languages easily understood by personnel engaged in the transfer operation and permanently posted or available at a place where crew members can see and use them.
That the Master of the vessel engaged in a transfer shall, before commencing any transfer operation, ensure that all crew members involved in that operation shall be familiar with the applicable operating and emergency procedures and be capable of communicating in a common language with terminal operators.
That the procedures be available in hard-copy or electronic format to the Supervising Officer in a language with which he is familiar.
That the procedures be printed in the English and Spanish languages and permanently posted in the wheelhouse of the vessel.
As per the IMDG Code, “Proper Shipping Name” is defined as:
The correct chemical name of a potentially hazardous material, as identified from the Chemical Cargo List.
The name under which a dangerous material, substance or article is described for export purposes in the country of loading.
The name assigned by the manufacturer to a material, substance or article for the purposes of shipment.
The name to be used in any documentation relating to the transportation of the dangerous substance, material or article, such as on forms, labels and placards.
Your vessel is in an area of restricted visibility. You hear this sound signal. What does it mean?
That there is a vessel in distress nearby.
That there is a vessel engaged in underwater operations in the vicinity. She has divers down.
That there is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity.
That there is a vessel aground in the vicinity.
As per SOLAS the Inert Gas System of an oil tanker must deliver the inert gas with a maximum level of oxygen of:
Not less than 8 % by volume.
Not more than 5 % by volume.
Between 8 % to 11 % by volume.
Substances, materials and articles shall be stowed as indicated in the Dangerous Goods List of the IMDG Code, in accordance with a series of stowage categories, which are designated as:
5 categories, labelled A-E.
Three categories, numbered I, II and III.
10 categories, lattered A-K (excluding I).
10 categories, numbered 1-10.
What is meant be the term “sour crude”?
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,1 % by volume.
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,3 % by volume.
Crude oil containing hydrogen sulphide content greater than 0,5 % by volume.
The Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP) test is commonly used for measuring:
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 37,8 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 15,6 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 38,7 °C.
The absolute vapour pressure of the liquid at 59 °C.
When conducting a risk assessment for a shipboard work activity, the two elements to be considered are:
The chance of an incident re-occuring and the potential effects of an loss.
The available manpower and their experience in this type of work.
The potential severity of harm and the likelihood that harm will occur.
The compensation payment by the charterer that is due when a vessel is unable to load/discharge her cargo within the allowed and contracted time is referred to as:
Contractual penalty discount.
As per MARPOL, the formula for calculating the minimum draft amidships for crude tankers in ballast condition is:
Oil tankers built and delivered after 6th July 1986 may have wing ballast tanks that extend throughout the cargo tank length. In this case the design feature against pollution in the event of the bottom being breached is that:
Additional level sensors and alarms must be fitted to give early warning of oil outflow.
Steel thickness in the bottom area must be a minimum of 1,36 times that otherwise required by construction regulations to minimise the extent of any breach.
The cargo tank levels must be set so that hydrostatic pressure will stop oil outflow.
The pressure vacuum valves must be capable of complete sealing, and the integral strength of the tank such that a total vacuum is capable of being maintained in the breached compartment, thereby preventing outflow of oil.
If the shipper wishes to ensure that a vessel or her operators will not be held responsible for any damage that may arise from the carrier issuing a clean Bill of Lading, even though the Mate’s receipt is marked as “unclean”, such a document is called the:
An addendum to the Bill of Lading.
Crude Oils required by MARPOL to be specifically listed in a tanker’s Crude Oil Washing manual as unsuitable for COW are:
Those with highbenzene content.
Those with high pour point of viscosity.
Those with high basic sediment and water content.
With reference to oil cargo calculations, API refers to:
American Petroleum Institute.
Approved Petroleum Inspector.
As per IMDG Code, the main criteria for drawing up classes for safe handling of hazardous substancesis on the basis of:
Selective laboratory tests commissioned by the Committee.
Chronological order in which they have been assessed.
The type of hazard they present.
The chemical characteristics of effluent water from an inert gas scrubber and the condensate which collects in the deck mains would be:
Prior carrying out a Crude Oil Washing operation, the tank from which the crude is to be used for washing is usually partially discharged. This is done so as to:
Ensure that all water settled in the tank is removed prior washing, so as to ensure that the fresh cargo can be loaded on top without fear of contamination.
Ensure that only the required quantity of oil are kept in the tank, so as to reduce the amount of slops retained on the ship.
Ensure that any settled water is removed from the tank and only “dry” crude is used for washing so as to avoid electrostatic hazards during washing.
When tank cleaning hoses are tested for electrical continuity, they must display a reading of:
Not greater than 6 ohms per metre length.
At least 8 ohms per metre length.
Not more than 10 ohms per metre length.
The purpose of the decanting line between two slop tanks, where fitted, is:
To enable most of the recovered oil to be retained in the primary slop tank, while the cleaner part of the water will flow into the secondary slop tank, where it can be re-used as wash-water.
To avoid a build-up of static electricity during water washing, caused by air being drawn in as the primary slop tank empties.
To enable the filling of the secondary slop tank via the primary slop tank.
To enable both the primary and secondary slop tank to be filled without using the main cargo lines.
An oil tanker with a defective Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment may be allowed by a Port State Authority to trade for:
One ballast voyage before proceeding to a repair port.
The vessel will be detained until ODME is rectified.
Two ballast voyage before proceeding to a repair port.
For security purposes, the IMDG Code should be read in conjunction with the:
Chapter XI-2 of SOLAS and Part A of the ISPS Code.
Part B of the ISPS Code and Chapter II of the Maritime Transport and Offshore Facilities Act.
IMO NVIC 24 and 46 CFR 2.05.
After efficient scrubbing of inert flue gas what would be the concentration of sulphur dioxide be:
The examples of Aromatic Hydrocarbons will include:
Benzene, Toluene and Xylene.
Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Peroxide.
Propane, Butane and Pentane.
Hydrogen Sulphide and Carbon Monoxide.
As per the IMDG Code, an “article” is referred to as:
Something that is packed within a freight container.
A device that is responsible for initial dangerous reaction.
A device that contains a dangerous substance or mixture of substances.
A form that contains important information about a hazardous substance.
Besides danger of vapour inhalation by crewmembers, if Hydrogen Sulphide is present in high concentrations in crude oil, it can also cause:
When in-service testing a hose used for cargo transfer on an oil tanker (and for which the elongation of the hose assembly when new was greater than 2,5 %), the maximum permitted elongation before the hose must be withdrawn from service should be:
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured at the previous in-service test, as documented in the ship’s annual test record.
Not more than 1,5 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was new, as documented in the manufacturer’s certificate.
Not more than 1,25 times the temporary elongation measured when the hose assembly was last tested, as documented in the appropriate certificate.
When commencing the cargo transfer at the terminal, the decision to commence the transfer is made by:
The mutual agreement of those in charge of cargo operation, both on board and ashore.
The person in charge of cargo operation at the terminal.
The person in charge of the chartering and operation of the vessel.
The person in charge of cargo operation on the vessel.
At which of the following concentrations of Hydrogen Sulphide might a person experience dizziness, fatigue and memory loss?
The scantling draft of an oil tanker fitted with segregated ballast tanks is:
The minimum draught amidships when in ballast condition.
The maximum draught determined by the Loadline Rules.
The draught for which the structural strength of the ship has been designed.
Which of the following best describes what the wax content of crude oil is?
The percentage of wax, expressed as a percentage, remaining in an oil product after distillation.
The percentage, by weight, of paraffinic wax found in a representative sample of the crude oil.
The observed volume percentage of waxy deposit found in a cargo tank after discharge in relation to the total volume of cargo previously carried.
The inert gas system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks at the rate of:
At least 125 % of the maximum discharge capacity.
At least 135% of the maximum discharge capacity.
At least 150 % of the maximum rate of discharge capacity.
As per MARPOL, Oil Record Book Part II, Cargo/Ballast Operations, must be carried and completed on oil tankers of:
150 gross tonnes and above.
20 gross tonnes and above.
50 gross tonnes and above.
How many square metres does the IAMSAR Volume 3 manual suggest may be calmed by releasing 200 litres of lubricating oil slowly through a rubber hose with the outlet maintained just above the surface while the ship proceeds at slow speed?
Approx 500 square metres.
Approx 5 000 square metres.
Approx 50 000 square metres.
To correctly report an oil spill in US waters:
The master of the vessel responsible for the spill must advise the Environmental Protection Agency National Incident Reporting Center (or the appropriate regional office) within 2 hours of the incident being reported to that person.
The person in charge must first report the spill to the National Response Center or, if not practicable, to the Environmental Protection Agency regional office or local US Coast Guard Marine Safety Office. This must be done immediately that person has knowledge of the spill.
The person responsible for the spill must report preliminary details to the appropriate State Police within 30 minutes of the accidental discharge taking place.
What is the purpose of girders in the tank?
They support the stiffeners.
They transfer all sea forces acting on the plating.
They transfer all the cargo forces acting on the plating.
They support the stiffeners and also take up some of the sea forces.
DG placards shall be located on a freight container:
One on each end and one on each side.
One of the back end and one on one of the sides (only).
What statutory certificate is carried onboard to indicate that a tanker is in compliance with Annex 1 of the MARPOL convention?
The International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificate.
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT).
The DoS addresses the responsibility for the security of the water around the ship and the verification of increased threat levels.
A “Pellistor” is:
It is the electrical sensor which detects low pressure in an Inert Gas generating control system.
It is a sensor that can be used in a combustible gas indicators to detect and measure flammable gas concentration as a percentage of its lower flammable limit.
It is the common term applied to the metal, ceramic or other heat-resisting material which can cool even an intense flame below the temperature required for ignition, as utilised in a flame arrester.
As per the IMDG Code, “Marine Pollutant” is defined as:
A substance which is subject to the provisions of Chapter V of SOLAS 1974 as amended.
A substance which is subject to the provisions of Annex III of MARPOL.
Any substance which is deemed hazardous to the marine environment.
During tank washing, besides maintaining the tank oxygen content below 8 % by volume, it should also be ensured:
That the tank is maintained at atmospheric pressure level.
That a negative pressure is maintained in the tank.
That a positive pressure is maintained in the tank.
That a minimum of 2,4 bar inert gas inlet pressure is maintained in the tank.
Oil tankers of 70 000 tons and above, delivered after 31 December 1979 shall be:
No requirement regarding number of slop tanks.
Shall be provided with at least 2 slop tanks.
Shall be provided with slop tank.
What are the three volumes of the IAMSAR Manual?
A – Command and Control; B – Communications; C – Rescue Procedures.
I – Planning and Preparation; II – Rescue Control; III – Reference.
I – Organization; II – Communications; III – Rescue Procedures.
I – Organization and Management; II – Mission Co-ordination; III – Mobile Facilities.
Segregated Ballast Tanks on an oil tanker may best be defined as:
Cargo tanks which may be used for the carriage of ballast.
Cargo tanks which each have their own individual pumps, are fitted with independent piping systems and are served by unconnected ventilation arrangements.
Tanks which are completely separate from cargo or fuel oil systems, being permanently allocated to the carriage of ballast and fitted with their own pumps and associated piping.
Cargo tanks which may be used for ballast, where the lines are not connected to the Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment.
Which of the following is a definition of a petroleum product which is “non-flammble”?
Petroleum having a flash point of 80 °C or above, as determined by the closed cup method of test.
Petroleum having a flash point of 60 °C or above, as determined by the closed cup method of test.
Petroleum having a flash point of 100 °C or above, as determined by the closed cup method of test.
When an inhibitor is added to an oil cargo, the items mentioned on the accompanying certificate include:
Inhibitor name; amount added; date added; period of efficiency; precautions if voyage length exceeds that period; eventual temperature limitation.
Inhibitor class; amount added; date of expiry; minimum period of optimum efficiency; precautions to be taken when added; minimum temperature requirement.
Inhibitor name; percentage applied; date of expiry; precautions to be taken on voyage and interval of application; maximum temperature at which continuously effective.
Inhibitor class; percentage blended; date added; maximum period of efficiency and applicable temperature limits; maximum storage period on board; contact number of manufacturer.
For a vessel proceeding enroute, located more than 50 nm from nearest land outside a special area and having in operation its ODME, the maximum instantaneous rate of an oily water mixture is:
30 litres per nautical mile.
300 litres per nautical mile.
60 litres per nautical mile.
The purpose of permanent continuous coamings fitted from side to side across the decks near the accommodation of an oil tanker is:
To keep deck spills away from the accommodation and service areas.
To reduce the effects of racking stresses.
To push the sea water shipped onto the deck over the sides of the ship.
To increase the strength of the deck structure.
What is the ideal maximum viscosity at which crude oil cargoes are best discharged for maximum efficiency of centrifugal pumps:
As per the IMDG Code, an “article” is referred to as:
A device that contains a dangerous substance or mixture of substances.
A device that is responsible for initiating a dangerous reaction.
A form that contains important information about a hazardous substance.
Something that is packed within a freight container.
A VLCC is to anchor in a depth of 80 meters in open water with moderate swell running. How many shackles of anchor chain should be used to ensure safely anchored?
The purpose of the “mud box” fitted on a tanker is to:
Collect ships waste and water mud when ballasting and de-ballasting.
Catch the mud from the anchors and cables and deposit these at the windlass.
Restrict any particles and solids entering the pipeline system.
Catch spills when connecting the discharge or loading hose.
What is this?
The United Nations stamp used for endorsing international shipping certificates.
The United Nations Packaging symbol used for Dangerous Goods.
The identification stamp placed in the passport of a stowaway by an Immigration Officer to indicate that his or her nationality is “unknown”.
The “Unitary Nomenclature” symbol placed alongside the name of a dangerous cargo in shipping documents to indicate that it appears on the list of approved international shipping names.
How much liferaft capacity should be provided on a conventional cargo ship of more than 85 metres in length?
25 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
100 % of the complement if it can be readily launched on either side of the ship. If it cannot be readily launched on either side, 100 % must be provided on each side.
75 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
50 % of the complement on each side of the ship.
With reference to ship stability, the letters “TPC” stand for:
Tonnes per Centimetre Immersion.
Tipping Perimeter Centre.
The ODME printed record for ballast water discharge overboard from the cargo piping system on oil tankers operations must be retained on board for a minimum period:
After passing through the scrubbing tower of an inert gas system, the approximate level of carbon dioxide in the inert flue gas should be:
Where would you find the document relating to the “Condition of Freeboard Assignment” onboard?
With the Safety Construction Certificate.
With the Classification Records.
With the Loadline Certificate.
With the Structural Survey File.
You are on a sailing vessel, underway in open water. This vessel is sighted on the starboard bow, on a steady bearing and the distance is closing. By the International Regulations for the Preventing Collisions at Sea, what action will you follow?
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I will maintain my course and speed.
This vessel is clearly a power-driven vessel and I anticipate that the bearing will therefore close and she will pass ahead at a safe distance.
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I am required to keep out of the way. I will make a broad alteration of course to starboard.
By Rule 18, a power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of a sailing vessel. I will maintain my course and speed, but will continue to monitor situation to ensure the other vessel takes avoiding action.
The recommended guideline for avoiding the risk of electrostatic potential in a mist produced by using oil and water during Crude Oil Washing operations is that:
Crude Oil Washing, where the oil source is stored in a slop tank or other tank that has previously contained slops, should be avoided.
Before washing begins, any tank that is to be used as a source of oil for Crude Oil Washing should be partly discharged to remove any water that has settled out during the voyage. The discharge of a layer of at least 1 metre is necessary for this purpose.
If a slop tank is to be used to supply oil to drive a Crude Oil Washing operation in a cargo tank, then that slop tank must not have contained slops with a water content of more than 2 %.
Why is it important to have good relationship on-board a vessel?
It encourages crew to extend their contract.
It will prevent accidents from happening.
It leads to better work performance and positive atmosphere among the crew.
Crew comes to know each others problems.
As per international regulations, the minimum inert gas pressure required to be maintained in slop tanks if slops are retained on board is:
What is the density of the undiluted vapour that is liberated from crude oil?
1,5 times that of inert gas.
2 times that of inert gas.
Crude oils may be considered to consist:
A natural mixture of carbon and sulphur isomers.
A refined blend of hydrocarbon compounds and sulphur extracts.
A mixture of carbon extracts and naturally occurring wax.
A natural mixture of simple and complex hydrocarbon compounds.
On a traditional crude oil carrier, it is possible to arrange the valves in the bottom of a pumproom so that cargo flows from one bottom line to another. When more than one grade of cargo is carried, what is the operational safeguard requirement regarding these valves?
There is no so special requirement.
That two valves must be closed on each line or a “spacer” removed to ensure no direct connection between tanks.
That one valve segregation is maintained at all times.
That there is two valve segregation.
As per IMDG Code, the term “separated from” can be defined as:
Either in a vertical or horizontal separation: if the intervening decks are not resistant to fire and liquid, then only in a longitudinal separation is acceptable. For “on deck” stowage, this means a distance of at least 12 metres. This distance also applies to one package stowed “on deck” and another in an upper compartment.
In different compartments or holds when stowed “under deck”. Provided an intervening deck is resistant to fire and liquid, a vertical separation may be accepted as equivalent. For “on deck” stowage, this segregation means a distance of at least 6 metres.
With an intervening compartment, being both a vertical and horizontal separation. Provided an intervening deck is resistant to liquid and fire, a vertical separation of 6 metres is acceptable. For “on deck” stowage, this segregation means a distance of at least 12 metres irrespective of compartment divisions.