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家 在线测试 CES Oil tanker Deck Support Test online CES 5.1 for Deck department, Support level, Oil tanker vessel
在线测试： Test online CES 5.1 for Deck department, Support level, Oil tanker vessel
在线测试
描述
该测试由有关选定主题的随机问题组成。
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What is a polar (liquid)?
A liquid that mixes with water
A liquid that conducts electricity
A liquid that emits flammable vapour
A liquid that doesn't mix with water
With an Inmarsat-C installation there is the addressing-option “special”. Via this option:
you can send a message by express delivery
Don't know
give one of Inmarsat’s “special accesscodes”
you can deliver a message via a special telegram
Regular ‘updating’ of a ships’ position in an Inmarsat-C installation is necessary
To enter the correct data to the disk antenna
To keep to the correct Inmarsat-region
To have the correct position in case of accidents
To inform the satellite of ships position
By a vessel in distress a SART is used. This SART is seen on the screen of a:
3 cm radar
3 and 10 cm radar
Don't know
10 cm radar
If a coast-station doesn’t answer a call on VHF working channel or doesn’t send a reply signal:
You can repeat your call after 2 minutes
You can repeat your call immediately when convinced that no other radio traffic is interfered with
You must call on another working channel
You must call on distress channel
Two lines sent out and pretensioned equally have the same length, same breaking strength and same directional load. However, one is made of wire (which has a full load elastic elongation of about 1.5 % of its length) and the other made of nylon (which has a full load elongation of about 30 % of its length). If a sudden gust of wind increases the load on the lines, this increased load will be shared as follows:
Wire takes 55 % of the extra load. Rope takes 45 % of the extra load
By the wire and rope equally
Wire takes 45 % of the extra load. Rope takes 55 % of the extra load
Wire takes 95 % of the extra load. Rope takes 5 % of the extra load
Please name correctly the most common rudders as shown below? UNBALANCED, BALANCED, SEMI-BALANCED, UNDERHUNG BALANCED
NO. 3,2,1 and 4
NO. 1,3,2 and 4
NO. 2,3,1 and 4
NO. 1,2,3 and 4
Should recommended route information be used in conjunction with weather routing?
Sometimes
Yes
No
Only if recommended by weather routing
Which of the following is the correct minimum carriage requirement for a ship of more than 300 gross tons and operating in area A:
1MF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver – 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB
1VHF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver – 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB – 1 MF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver
1VHF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver – 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB – 1 MF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver
1VHF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver – 1 INMARSAT A,B or C – 1 EPIRB – 1 MF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver
Which one of the listed requirements regarding life-saving appliances corresponds to present regulations?
All prescribed life-saving appliances shall be made of non-combustible or fire retardant material
All prescribed life-saving appliances shall have marking in red colour
All prescribed life-saving appliances shall be of such a colour that they are in contrast to the surrounding colour
All prescribed life-saving appliances shall be fitted with the manufacturers name and Logo
What is the normal thickness of the primary barrier (membrane) on membrane containment type systems?
0.7 - 1.5 mm
1.5 - 2.0 mm
2.0 - 2.5 mm
0.2 - 0.5 mm
Which of this information must be included in a piracy attack alert?
The type of weapons being carried by the pirates/highjackers.
The number of pirates/highjackers.
The number of crew onboard.
Your ship’s name and call sign.
On some trades fruit cargoes may be subjected to 'in-transit cold treatment' also known as cold treatment. From the options given which is the main purpose of this cold treatment?
To maintain a specified minimum temperature for a prescribed time period to kill off any fruit fly which may be present when loading the cargo.
To maintain the temperature of the fruit within very tight tolerances.
To ensure that the fruit is carried as cold as possible without damaging the fruit.
To achieve uniform quality of the fruit at discharge.
When we are using a diode to convert AC to DC, it is usually referred to as a
Regulator
Controller
Alternator
Rectifier
What precaution must be taken when painting on deck during cargo operations?
There must be an established means of communication between crew members and the duty officer
A spray gun not be used
Cargo hold fan inlets near paint areas must be closed
There must be an established means of communication between crew members and the bosun
Who is responsible for maintaining the vessel's structural strenght?
The Flag State Administration
The Master
The Shipping Company and the Classification Society
The Shipyard
When starting a flue gas plant on an oil tanker and after all intial checks have proved satisfactory, which of the following steps will be the first in the operation sequence?
Open air vent valve
Open the flue gas isolating valve
Open blower discharge valve
Start blower
Generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The internal e.m.f. generated in the phase windings of an a.c. generator is controlled by:
The internal volt drop and the residual magnetism.
The internal volt drop and the load current.
The diesel speed and excitation current.
The diesel speed, magnetising force and load current.
A steward reaches into a sink filled with soapy water to remove the plug. He cuts his hand on a carving knife lying in the bottom. What policy will best eliminate the chance of this kind of accident happening again while still maintaining hygiene standards?
Everymember of the galley staff is made responsible for washing their own knives.
Heavy duty gloves are to be worn when working at the sink.
Detergent shall not be used if knives are to be washed.
There is a dedicated sink for washing knives.
What would a cracked cross-deck plating found during a loaded passage on a bulk carrier indicate?
That bulkhead failure is imminent
That the vessel is due for survey
That shear forces have been exceeded
That failure of the shell plating is imminent
The end covers for a heat exchanger are held in place by a number of brass studs and nuts. Which of the tools given in the options is best suited for removal and tightening of the nuts?
A set of mole grips.
Adjustable shifting spanner
Open ended spanner.
Ring spanner or socket.
How many hours before departure should the ship's steering gear be checked and tested?
Within 12 hours
Within 96 hours
Within 1 hour
Within 48 hours
Which of the procedures given in the options should be adopted, when walking across a stow of refrigerated produce, in order to minimise any damage to the produce?
Use a walking board.
Wear disposable covers over work shoes or boots.
Keep the number of return journeys to a minimum.
Wear clean work shoes or boots.
What is the typical composition of liquified natural gas, LNG?
Mainly Butane, but with small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, methane and pentane.
Mainly Pentane, but with small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and methane.
Mainly Methane, but with small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and pentane.
Mainly Ethane, but with small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons such as methane, propane, butane and pentane.
A medium speed diesel engine, operating with a pulse turbocharging system, has been adjusted to have good power balance. What would the cylinder exhaust gas temperatures, relative to each other, be expected to be?
plus or minus 5 degrees Celsius.
All cylinder exhaust temperatures should be equal if the cylinder power balance is correct.
plus or minus 70 degrees Celsius.
plus or minus 30 degrees Celsius.
On a Container vessel, if there are isolated stacks of containers at bay 12, off-centre at bay 04 and at the extremity of bay 06, which of these stacks will require wind lashings?
Only the containers at bay 12
None
The stack at bay 06
All three
A deaf man is reading the paper in the lounge when the emergency alarm sounds. How do you expect him to react?
He will ask the crew for help.
He will get up and go to the muster station.
He will ask someone what is going on.
He will continue reading the paper.
What is the maximum allowed oxygen content in inert gas in accordance to IMO IGC code?
Maximum allowed Oxygen content in the inert gas on gas carriers is 7% by volume.
There are no oxygen requirement on the inert gas on gas carriers
Maximum allowed Oxygen content in the inert gas on gas carriers is 5% by volume.
Maximum allowed Oxygen content in the inert gas on gas carriers is less than 10% by volume.
What do the letters "TPC" stand for?
Tonnes per Centimetre.
Tipping Centre.
Trim per Centimetre.
Tonnes per Centimetre Immersion.
A mixed deck cargo is to be loaded on a General Cargo Vessel; what are some of the important checks to be made by the Officer of the Watch?
Access to the ER and galley are unaffected
All fire hydrants and sounding pipes must be accessible
All hatch covers and the paint store must be accessible
Deck cargo is loaded no more than two metres above the deck
What causes shock loads in a container lashing system?
Ship torsion
Loose cargo lashings
Resonant rolling
Ship vibrations
On a RoRo vessel, what are sea sloshing forces proportional to?
The overall breadth of deck cargoes
The maximum breadth of under-deck cargoes
The maximum height of under-deck cargoes
The overall height of deck cargoes
Indicate the correct name for the part marked on the sketch:
Crankshaft
Turbocharger
Air cooler
Cylinder head
What general background colour is used on warning signs which require a specific "mandatory" action, such as one which might require the wearing of a safety harness during a particular work task?
Blue.
Red.
Yellow.
Green.
What can be the punishment for a shipmaster who refuses to provide any person carried on the ship with anything which he is entitled to receive in such capacity, or who permits such refusal?
Shall be liable to fines or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, but not exceeding 1 year if there are especially aggravating circumstances.
Shall be liable to fines or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, but not exceeding 2 years if there are especially aggravating circumstances.
Shall be liable to fines or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months.
Shall be liable to fines or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, but not exceeding 9 months if there are especially aggravating circumstances.
The thermal conductance capability is expressed by a materials thermal conductance number and states the heat quantity. What is the denomination for heat quantity?
Enthalpy.
Joule.
Calorific value.
Watt.
Your vessel is entering a tropical area and high humidity is expected. To avoid condensation in the main engine's air cooler, it is recommended to:
Decrease the air temperature so proper draining can be achieved from the air cooler
Increase scavenging air temperature to above dew point
Reduce speed.
Operate the engine with slightly open drain cocks, scavenging to get rid of the water
What do international and national maritime authorities say about passenger list?
All passengers onboard must be registered with name, age and cabin number.
No requirement to have passenger list onboard as long as shore terminal/office have one, and can send it to the ship on request.
Optional for each company if they want to have passenger and crew list.
All personnel onboard (crew and passengers) shall be registered in order to keep track of total number of person on board
A cargo of chilled meat is being loaded into the cargo space of a reefer vessel and the stow will extend 3.5 metres upwards into the coaming in way of the hatch square. Select, from the options given, the best method to adopt to achieve satisfactory carriage of this cargo.
Construct a false deck out of plywood sheets to reduce the load on the lower tiers.
Lay plywood sheets at approximately mid-height of the stow to reduce the load on the lower tiers.
Construct a false deck made of pallets to reduce the load on the lower tiers.
Ensure a tight stow to resist crushing of the lower cartons.
How is overfilling of the cargo tanks on a liquefied gas carrier prevented?
The tank filling valves are automatically closed if the tank overfill sensor is actuated.
Each tank has a high level alarm. This will warn the Deck Officer to shut the tank filling valve.
There is a permanently open overflow line to a slop tank from each cargo tank.
The filling valves for all empty tanks are automatically opened if any individual tank's overfill sensor is actuated.
From the options given, select the main reason why conventional mercury thermometers should not be used for taking pulp readings of a fruit cargo on a reefer vessel.
This type of thermometer is not sufficiently accurate.
This type of thermometer is difficult to calibrate.
This type of thermometer is not sufficiently portable.
The mercury may contaminate the fruit if the thermometer is broken while taking the readings.
What action should be taken by the Officer of the Watch in the event of fire being reported to the bridge during the 00.00 to 04.00 watch?
Send the bridge look-out down to investigate
Sound the Fire Alarm
Stop engines and inform the engine room
Call the Master
On capesize bulk carriers what problems are associated with welding of the corrugated bulkheads during construction?
Stress concentrations at the corners of the bulkheads
Cracking of cross-deck plating
A reduction in shear forces
Several areas of the bulkheads being 'out of tolerance'
Where should the vehicle belonging to a disabled person be placed?
Preferably near an elevator or a place where you have easy access to the stairways
Near the stairways
In the after part of the car deck
As close to the bow door as possible to avoid any traffic jam during discharging
The temperature control for a hot water system is very erratic with the temperature gradually rising and then suddenly falling and vice versa even though system demand is fairly constant. Which of the options given is the most likely cause of this problem?
Control air pressure supply is too low.
Control valve actuator diaphragm is ruptured.
Controller integral action reset time is too fast.
Control valve gland is over tightened.
Which of the hydrocarbon gases is the main one in LNG?
Butane.
Methane.
Ethane.
Propane.
What is the minimum permissible distance measured horizontally between the ship's shell plating and the outer side bulkhead of the first cargo compartment on a type II chemical tanker?
Not less than moulded breadth / 5.
Not less than 1250 mm.
Not less than 760 mm.
Not less than moulded breadth / 15.
For types "A" and "B" cargo tanks, what is the requirement with regard to shut-off valves for liquid and vapour connections where cargo tanks have a MARVS less than 0.7 barg?
Double butterfly valves fitted in series.
One manually operated globe valve and one remotely operated valve.
Single shut-off valves.
Double valves.
Many fruit cargoes are carried refrigerated and also under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions. A situation develops where there is a problem with the main reefer plant that will take several hours to repair but the CA system is still operation. Which of the statements given in the options is the most accurate in these circumstances?
The CA plant could be used to increase the levels of nitrogen in the cargo spaces which will be sufficient to preserve the fruit.
The CA plant could be used to increase the levels of carbon dioxide in the cargo space which will be sufficient to preserve the fruit.
The CA plant will take care of the cargo without the refrigeration plant and therefore there is no further action required and no need for concern.
The CA plant is only an adjunct for the refrigeration plant and therefore there should be concern about the condition of the cargo.
Why do we use stabilisers on passenger ships?
To adjust the trim of the vessel
To decrease the rolling angle of the vessel
To increase the intact stability
To decrease the dynamic stability
On a Container vessel, where do OSHA regulations apply?
European Union
Australia
United States of America
United Arab Emirates
How should pipes, rails and road sections be stowed?
Always in the athwartships direction
Fore and aft when practicable
Always fore and aft
Athwartships when practicable
On a Container vessel, what do the letters 'PP' mean within the IMDG Code?
Packaging
Pollutant
Marine Pollutant
Severe Marine Pollutant
Some engine manufacturers recommend that washing of the compressor side is not carried out. Is this due to;
The thermal shock exhibited by the vanes.
The nozzle ring becoming corroded.
Greasy sludge from the compressor sticking between the fins in the air coolers, necessitating extra cleaning of these.
Large volumes of water being carried over into the cylinders of the engine.
Indicate the correct name of the tool on the sketch:
Chisel
Drill press
File
Shaping machine
How can you arrange for safe movement of passengers on ro-ro decks?
It is easy, only drivers are allowed to stay in the car during loading and unloading.
Passengers are responsible for their own safety while moving about ro-ro decks.
Passengers should be warned of vehicle movements when entering or crossing car or vehicle decks. They should preferably keep to walkways while moving about the ship.
Passengers should stay in their cars until loading is completed. They should keep to walkways when leaving the car.
To what Proof Load is a 30T SWL derrick tested?
38T
35T
40T
33T
How do container ships without hatch covers comply with the International Convention on Load line Rules?
An International Load Line Exemption certificate will be issued in accordance to Article 6.
A special movable deck is provided to ensure watertight integrity
There will always be hatch covers on ships to comply with the International Load line Rules
This type of container ship does not need to comply with the Load line Rules
Which preparations and precautions are necessary before "hot work" commences onboard ship?
Just inform the Chief Engineer that the work is going to be carried out
Sound the general alarm before commencing work.
Notify all persons onboard at least 24 hours in advance of the work commencing.
Follow all ISM procedures relating to hot work including permit to work and hotwork permit requirements.
The typical “daylight-frequencies” for long distance transmission are located in the:
16 or 22 MHz-band
Don't know
8 or 12 MHz-band
4 or 6 MHz-band
The Classes drawn up by the UN Committee of Experts for the safe handling of hazardous substances, as listed in the IMDG Code, are drawn up on the basis of which of the following criteria?
Chronological order in which they have been assessed.
Selective laboratory tests commissioned by the Committee.
Alphabetical order.
The type of hazard they present.
The main engine is running steady with an average exhaust gas temperature of approximately 350° C. What would be a typical alarml/slow down setting for the cylinder exhaust gas temperature deviation from the average?
+/- 80° C
+/- 10° C
+/- 50° C
+/- 30° C
The coil of a 12V, 120mA dc relay must be connected across a 24V supply. What action should be taken?
Install a 100 ohm resistor in series with the coil
Install a 100 k ohm resistor in parallel with the coil
Install a 100 k ohm resistor in series with the coil
Install a 100 ohm resistor in parallel with the coil
An electric motor is to be aligned to a pump by insuring shims under the motor feet. Which of the tools given in the options would be used to check that the alignment is correct by measurement of the gap between the coupling faces?
An inside vernier calliper.
A set of feeler gauges.
An inside micrometer.
A go/no go gauge
The pair of instruments necessary for generator synchronising are:
Voltmeter and synchroscope
kW meter and frequency meter
Amp-meter and volt-meter
Synchroscope and kVar-meter
On a container vessel what action should be taken if a tank container of liquid ammonia is engulfed in fire
Dry chemical must not be used to extinguish the fire
Restrict ventilation
Allow ventilation
Water must not be used to cool the container
During inspection and calibration of one unit, you observe the situation shown. The conclusion is clover leafing. The main engine uses high grade TBN cylinder oil. What do you have to do in order to reduce wear?
Contact engine maker for advice.
Increase the jacket cooling water temperature to avoid the sulfur dew point
Decrease jacket cooling water temperature to avoid heat stress
Increase cylinder oil consumption to neutralize the sulfur
A decision support system for emergency management shall be provided on the navigation bridge. What type of emergency situations shall as a minimum be identified in the emergency plans?
Fire, Evacuation, Pollution, Personnel accidents and Ship Security
Evacuation, Fire, Pollution and Man-Over-Board
Man-Over-Board, Evacuation and Fire
Fire, Damage to ship, Pollution, Unlawful acts threatening the safety of the ship and the security of its passenger and crew, Pesonnel accidents, Cargo-related accidents, Emergency assistance to other ships
Refrigeration plants using ammonia as the primary coolant have been fitted to some reefer vessels. When designing such a ship which aspect, from the options given, would be the most important consideration?
The temperature range that the plant would be expected to operate at.
Crew safety.
Installing a suitable control system for the plant.
Availability of the gas.
A seawater pipe is holed due to corrosion causing frequent bilge alarms. Which of the given temporary repair methods would be the preferred option to remedy the problem until the pipe can be replaced?
Cover all of the affected area with fibre glass tape and resin/fibre glass mixture.
Drive a steel taper pin into the hole to seal it.
Cover the hole with rubber insertion held in place with a jubilee clip.
Wrap duct tape around the pipe in way of the hole.
Which controller must be tuned first in a cascade control system?
The secondary controller
Both at the same time
Any one of them
The primary controller
Earlier reefer vessels designed and built for liner trade usually had two or three tween decks approximately 2 to 2.5 metres in height and deep lower holds approximately 4 to 5 metres deep. Modern designs usually incorporate more decks each approximately 2.3 metres in height. What is the main reason for this fundamental design change?
The increased proportion of chilled as opposed to frozen cargoes that are carried.
There is an almost universal use of standard height pallets.
It is easier to construct vessels with shallow decks.
The increased number of container vessels has reduced the tendency to carry general cargo outbound from Europe or North America to Australia and New Zealand on reefer vessels.
You should use short and simple words, rather than long, complex words, when giving emergency instructions. What is the main reason for this?
People are more likely to understand you.
You won't have to think too hard about what you are saying.
You won't have to repeat the instruction.
Short words take less time to say and you don't have much time.
If a vessel’s Tonnes Per Centimeter immersion (TPC) is 28.80 in saltwater, what would be her TPC is water of density 1.015 T/m3?
29.963
28.52
28.80
29.0837
Which of the following has the highest fat content?
Sardines
Rainbow trout
Hake
Plaice
Why is the tightening of the timing chain important?
To reduce vibration in the chain.
To avoid high wear down of chain and chain wheel tooth and a potential breakdown.
To get the right timing on the engine.
To reduce the noise level
You have just started to load Dicyclopentadiene to 5 port and starboard cargo tanks, but no cargo seems to be coming into the tanks. What will you do?
Carefully slack the bolts back on the connections, working initially on the off-shore mainifold, to determine how far the pressure extends in the ship's pipeline system, to identify which valve is giving the problem.
Stop cargo - notify the Duty Officer and / or the terminal dependng on the agreed communication procedure. Re-check the lines, valves and connections carefully, bearing in mind that there might be a build-up of pressure. Report as appropriate.
Open the main lid on the tank and use a flashlight to try and see if there is a problem with the pump or line inside.
Say nothing. Re-check all valves. Just open it, if one is found closed.
According to the IMO Gas Codes, what are the maximum time intervals for sampling and analysing samples from the permanent installed gas detection system?
10 minutes.
45 minutes.
30 minutes.
20 minutes.
Achieving a good air flow through the various cargo compartment of a reefer vessel is a principal design aim of a Naval Architect. Which of the options given represents the optimum cargo space shape?
A flared space that would be found in a forward upper deck.
A narrow tapered space as would be found in a forward lower deck.
A long oblong space as would be found in an after upper deck.
A square space as would be found in a midships lower deck.
A refrigeration plant is short cycling even though there is plenty of refrigerant in the system and all of the rooms are above temperature. From the options give select the one which is the most likely cause of the problem?
Low oil level in the sump causing the automatic low oil pressure cut out to operate.
Blocked filter drier causing the automatic low pressure cut out to operate.
Insufficient cooling water flow through the condenser causing the automatic high pressure cut out to operate.
Ice formation in the meat room evaporator coil causing the automatic low pressure cut out to operate.
During inspection of the fan spaces an access hatch between the delivery and return side of the fan space is inadvertently left open. What would be the most likely consequence of this situaqtion?
Chilled air would short circuit from the return to the delivery air side.
The delivery air side would become overpressurised.
The fan speed would be affected.
Air would short circuit from the delivery to the return air side.
A ships 3 - phase a.c. system has 440 V and 220 V sections. The effect of a single short circuit fault to earth on a 220 V line will cause which of the following earth lamp indications:
In 440 V section: all lamps equally bright. In 220 V section: Two lamps bright one lamp dark.
In 440 section: All lamps equally bright. In 220 section: All lamps dark.
In 440 V section: All lamps equally bright. In 220 V section: One lamp dim.
In 440 V section: One lamp dim. In 220 V section: One lamp dim.
When tuning a cascade control system, where do you start
The slave controller with the master controller in manual mode
The master controller
The slave controller with the master controller in auto mode
Both at the same time
During a pre-loading survey prior to loading grain on a Bulk Carrier, very small amount of the previous grain cargo is found in a cargo hold; what is the significance of this situation?
The cargo hold can be cleaned while other holds are loaded
The affected cargo hold should be left empty
The vessel may fail the pre-load survey and be declared off-hire
The remaining cargo from the previous voyage can be ignored
What is the function of a lashing plate?
A means of securing turnbuckles
A means of securing butteresses under-deck
A means of securing lashing chains
A means of securing the hatch covers
Which of these are indications that a parcel is suspicious?
The parcel came from Joe in the safety department and arrived quicker than expected.
"The parcel is wrapped in clean, brown paper and is addressed to a crewmember from his wife."
"The parcel is addressed to no one in particular, arrives unexpectedly and seems heavy for its size."
The parcel smells like chocolate.
What action should you take if you have a flash-back during gas welding?
Run for your life.
Close the regulator valves immediately, oxygen first.
Cool the bottles down with water.
Use a portable fire extinguisher.
"Which of these precautionary measures can reduce the threat of piracy, if implemented?"
Plan to arrive at port at night.
Sail at full speed.
Turn off all of the ship’s lights at night.
Stay at least 15nm away from the shore.
A reefer vessel, which is about to carry a palletised cargo, has to have available sufficient cargo equipment including air bags (dunnage bags), air lines and valves, cargo slings, wooden dunnage, nails, etc. These items are required to ensure a quick loading operation and a successful passage. Complete the following statement from the options given. "Air bags are particularly important in that ….
… they are quick and easy to deploy."
… they secure the pallets against movement during the passage."
… they protect the pillars and the vent trunking against damage during heavy weather."
… they reduce the movement of the pallets and prevent short circuiting of the air flow."
What would be considered as an acceptable range for the p-alkalinity in a low pressure auxiliary boiler?
0- 100 ppm CaCO3.
300 - 600 ppm CaCO3.
600 - 1000 ppm CaCO3.
100 - 300 ppm CaCO3.
该在线测试包含来自 CES 5.1 测试的 90 道随机问题，涉及您选择的主题。