家在线测试 Test for seafarers about Hatch Cover Maintenance on Bulk Carrier

在线测试： Test for seafarers about Hatch Cover Maintenance on Bulk Carrier

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该测试由 80 个随机问题组成。
有关此主题的总问题： 98

问题 1 从 80

Which of the following is the definition of “steel-to-steel geometry” as explained in this module?

The hatch cover is designed such that when it rests, with steel-to-steel contact between the side plate or the support pads and the coaming, the geometric relationship between the compression bar and the seal rubber is exactly right.

The hatch coamings are designed such that when the hatch cover rests on the seal, with continuous and even contact between the compression bar and the seal rubber along the length of the hold opening perimeter, the geometric relationship between the support pads and the coaming is exactly right.

The tolerances during manufacture of hatch covers are less than 0,01 % of the side plate thickness.

If personnel are in, or could be in the vicinity of a hatch cover, what should you do before you open or close it?

Use all available means of communication to notify them that a hatch cover movement is about to take place.

Nothing – it is for them to take due care.

Ask them to leave the area.

Walk all around the hatch cover, so that you can complete the “inspection” section of the safety checklist.

What is the function of the non-return valves fitted to the drain pipes at the corners of the coamings?

To permit water to drain freely onto the deck but stop water from the deck entering the hold.

To permit air to enter the hold and allow water to drain freely onto the deck.

To stop water from, but allow air into, the hold.

To allow water to drain from and allow air into, the drain pipes.

The annual survey of hatch covers is carried out in compliance with which of the following? Select all applicable answers:

Class requirements.

The requirements of the authority assigning the load-line.

The Suez Canal Authority.

The Panama Canal Authority.

Port state control.

回答

In freezing conditions, what can be done to prevent the rubber hatch seal sticking to the compression bar during closing?

A non-organic grease or commercial glycerine should be spread on the compression bar prior to closure.

The rubber hatch seal should be heated with steam or a blowlamp prior to closure.

The hatch seal should be replaced with special reinforced compound sealing material.

Whale grease should be applied to both the compression bar and the hatch seal surface 10 minutes before closing is required.

Where would you find information on routine maintenance, operation and safety issues related to hatch covers, including the greasing program for various components, notes on the care of wire ropes and fittings and details of the hydraulic system?

The operating and maintenance manual.

The classification society handbook.

SOLAS.

The spares catalogue.

When replacing the straight pieces of a hatch seal, what is the recommended additional percentage to be allowed when cutting?

3 %.

1 %.

5 %.

None, it should be cut to the exact length required.

If there has been water ingress on passage, how will this normally be seen?

It will usually follow the pattern of the cross-joint and coaming seals.

It will be under the most forward panel on a hatch.

It will be on the centreline.

It will be at the sides of the cargo, having run down the sides of the hold.

What is “permanent set”?

The groove in the hatch seal face, resulting from the loss of elasticity.

The exact position in which the hatch cover rests when closed.

The limit of good steel on the compression bar down to which steel deterioration may be considered acceptable.

The group of hatch seals which are in continuous contact with the coaming compression bar when the hatch is closed.

The exact angle at which the hatch cover lies when closed.

The distance from the outer edge of a rubber hatch cover seal to the middle of the groove created by the penetration of the compression bar, measured in mm and averaged from readings taken on all four sides of the hatch.

Defective hatch covers are particularly associated with vessels of which of the following age brackets?

10-20 years.

0-3 years.

5-10 years.

25-30 years.

What is the generally accepted rule applied to determine when the seal has reached the point of replacement?

When permanent set reaches half the design compression.

When permanent set reaches full design compression.

When a groove is seen in the seal.

After not less than 9 months and not more than 15 months service.

In a four-panel arrangement, the cylinders are operated once the cleats are all released, causing the first, or “leading” pair of panels to peak. At this time, what is happening to the second pair of panels?

The wheels of the “trailing pair” roll up onto their trackways.

They are also “peaking” in parallel.

Nothing is happening to the second pair of panels. They are totally independent.

The third panel is raised at 45° and the fourth is about to begin elevating.

In an ultrasonic test, what is the severity of a leak referenced to?

The open-hatch reading.

The closed-hatch reading.

The reading obtained on the opposite side of the hatch.

The calibration reading obtained in the surveyor’s laboratory.

Which of the following, as highlighted in this module, are known to regularly block drainage channels and non-return valves? Select all applicable answers:

Cargo residues.

Hatch sealing tape.

High-expansion foam.

Seaweed.

Grease.

回答

Which of the following are among the critical hatch cover spares to be carried on board, as recommended in this program? Select all applicable answers:

Cleats.

Seals.

Running wheels and bearings.

Chain links.

Wire ferrules and hard eyes.

回答

If a ship’s hatches have been properly maintained and closed securely and properly, but are found to have leaked in abnormally severe weather, which of the following may form evidence that may be submitted in defence of a cargo claim? Select all applicable answers:

Work schedules.

Maintenance logs.

Work specifications.

Statements.

回答

When considering the strength of a hatch cover, what kind of loads must it be able to withstand? Select all applicable answers:

Loads coming from inside the hatch covers, such as those due to sloshing water ballast.

Loads coming from outside the hatch, such as seawater over decks and hatches.

Loads coming from cargo loaded on top of hatch covers.

Loads produced by adjacent holds, when loaded.

回答

If coaming movements are expected to be significant, what type of seal will the designer commonly consider fitting?

A sliding rubber seal.

A solid seal.

A hollow section seal.

A seal comprising of a sponge core with outer skin.

A double lip seal.

An inflatable seal.

In terms of the safety of a hatch cover, what are the appropriate considerations? Select all applicable answers:

It must be able to be operated without endangering personnel up to the maximum angles of heel and trim which are specified.

It must be able to be fully secured in the open position and released without endangering.

All fittings used for routine or emergency operation must be of adequate strength.

The vertical edges must be marked with luminous paint.

Wires and chains used for opening and closing must be tested monthly.

回答

What controls the geometry of seal compression on hatch covers?

The steel-to-steel contact.

The weight of the hatch cover.

The thickness of the compression bar.

The length of the chains or wires.

The dimensions of the hatch cover.

Industry statistics clearly indicate a high proportion of reported cargo worthiness defects as being caused by which of the following areas of operation?

Hatch covers, their seals and securing arrangements.

Cargo containers.

Cargo handling cranes, wires and control systems.

Untypical weather conditions.

Negligence in securing the ship for sea.

Overloading.

What is the minimum length of any piece of rubber seal inserted during a repair, as recommended in this module?

500 mm.

700 mm.

300 mm.

200 mm.

750 mm.

1 000 mm.

What is the name given to the restrained devices fitted to hatch covers to absorb longitudinal and athwart ships forces that will be experienced due to the motion of the ship when at sea?

Locators.

Implanters.

Indicators.

Containers.

Wedges.

Cross-joints.

Which of the following may be considered as key design elements of hatch design? Select all applicable answers:

Strength.

Safety.

Accessibility.

Resistance to humidity.

回答

In terms of the sealing of a hatch cover, what are the design requirements? Select all applicable answers:

The seal must be resilient or elastic enough to make up for hull and coaming deformations.

The seal must be easily maintained.

The seal must be suitable for expected weather conditions.

回答

What normally determines the size of lift-away (pontoon) covers on container ships?

That they are capable of being lifted by shore-side container gantry cranes.

That they are capable of supporting a minimum four-stack of 40′ containers.

That they are fitted with an adequate number of anti-lift bolts to resist anticipated upward forces generated by stacks of containers as identified in the ship’s cargo handling manual.

That the longitudinal length of any one hatch cover does not exceed 0,25 of the registered length of the vessel on which it is fitted and the width is not more than 0,85 of the moulded breadth.

In additional to ensuring that cleats are properly applied, which of the following are checks that would be made as the hatches were being secured after closure? Select all applicable answers:

Cross-joint wedges all present and hammered home.

The position of external locators in their sockets or wedges should be noted.

If cargo is to be loaded on top of the covers, check that the type and quantity of cargo proposed is within the loading limits of the covers.

All crane jibs and derricks are checked as properly secured.

回答

Which of the following have the longer working life?

Galvanised cleats.

Untreated steel cleats.

Why might a chalk test be favoured over other forms of test in certain circumstances?

If loading has already been completed and there are suspicions that a hose test could present a risk to that cargo.

Because it gives a more reliable indication of conditions prevailing when the ship is at sea.

Because it delivers a more even measurement of the seal around the entire hatch coaming.

Because it is the method most favoured by cargo surveyors.

What general rule does this program suggest designers of hatch covers, those who maintain them and those who operate them should direct their efforts towards?

Defending the thin line where the compression bar and the seal rubber meet.

Minimizing the time delays due to opening and closing of hatch covers.

Ensuring seals must be resilient or elastic enough to make up for hull and coaming deformations.

That intervals between replacement of hatch seals are maximised.

In which of the following operational conditions would a seal with a sponge core with an outer skin made of nitrile rubber commonly be used?

For oil cargoes on an OBO vessel.

Where there are very heavy hatch covers.

On side-rolling cover fitted to a bulk-carrier.

On vessel with large open hatchways, where coaming movement will be a problem.

Which of the following figure in the top ten reasons for cargo damage based on water damage, as listed in this chapter?

Seal-rubber permanent set beyond the point of replacement.

Seal rubber torn, displaced or missing.

Poor quality or temporary seal “fixes”.

Wastage of steel support pads or coaming side plates.

回答

Which of the following is a description of the purpose of locators?

To keep the seals and the hatch cover in the correct alignment with the compression bar and coaming, yet still provide enough clearance to avoid the hatch covers picking up main hull forces when the ship is moving at sea.

To maintain the precise extent of penetration of the hatch cover seal rubber by the compression bar on the coaming and prevent the ingress of water into the hold.

To mechanically engage wedges on the hatch cover with matching wedges on the coaming, firmly holding the hatch cover in place once closed.

To prevent corrosion and wear on the support pads.

In additional to those items that would normally be covered at an annual survey, which of the following is checked at a 5-year special survey? Select all applicable answers:

Water tightness, as established by a hose test or equivalent.

Thickness measurements of plate and structural stiffeners.

Class approval of all maintenance records.

Measurement of any clearances between the hatch cover wheels and the trackway when the hatch is in the last 10 % of movement before reaching the stops.

回答

What is the name given to the substitute arrangement frequently fitted to the drain pipe in place of a non-return valve?

Sock.

Plug.

Guide.

Tube.

Socket.

Boot.

In additional to ensuring that cleats are properly applied, which of the following are checks that would be made as the hatches were being secured after closure? Select all applicable answers:

Cross-joint wedges all present and hammered home.

Cross-joint bolts (if fitted) are all be engaged and made tight.

On single-pull hatches, all of the eccentric wheels must be turned to the correct position to lower the hatch panels.

If hydraulic hook or wedge cleats are fitted, they must be checked for correct engagement.

回答

Which are the types of test commonly employed to determine the water tightness of hatches or other openings? Select all applicable answers:

Chalk test.

Hose test.

Ultrasonic test.

Soap test.

回答

Which of the following are suggested in this chapter as examples of relatively low cost preventative measures that may prevent expensive cargo claims? Select all applicable answers:

Replacing defective rubber seals.

Repairing minor steelwork defects.

Cleaning down a coaming before closing the hatch covers.

Employing shore labour to close hatch covers.

Creating short operating procedures and maintenance instructions in the ship’s Safety Management System.

回答

Which two areas have been specifically identified in this chapter as being vital to the safe and successful execution of the cargo handling process?

Good maintenance.

Proper operational procedures.

Design.

The ship’s Safety Management System.

回答

Which of the following are common patterns of peripheral cleat? Select all applicable answers:

Manual.

Automatic.

Quick-acting.

Hydraulically-actuated.

Screw.

回答

When de-ballasting is about to start, why is it necessary to have the vents on water-ballast hatches open?

If they are closed, the tank may collapse under vacuum.

Because it is a requirement on the safety checklist.

Because it makes cleaning easier.

If they are closed, they may be forgotten when the ship goes to sea.

Which of the following is the definition of “weather tightness”, as given in this program?

That in any sea condition water will not penetrate into the ship.

That in normal sea conditions, any water ingress past the hatch seals can be suitably controlled without the application of additional defensive measures.

That a minimal amount of water will penetrate if the hatch is impacted by excessively heavy weather conditions.

As identified in the applicable reading drawn from the IACS empirical scale for hatch cover thickness, based on distance from the bow of the ship.

Who performs the statutory annual survey on the hatch covers?

A classification society surveyor.

The superintendent.

The master.

The chief engineer.

The company safety manager.

A port-state control inspector.

A cargo surveyor.

Which of the following is a description of the function of periphery cleats around a hatch cover?

They provide vertical restraint, stopping the panel lifting, while permitting some relative movement between the coaming and the cover.

They provide horizontal restraint, control the cross-joint seal compression and ensure the edges of the hatch cover panels at the cross joint remain firmly pressed or held together and that the cross joint seal rubber remains properly compressed.

They provide transverse restraint, restricting the horizontal movement of the panel, ensuring that the compression bar remains within the groove in the hatch seal.

Which of the following do industry statistics indicate as being the cause of a high proportion of reported cargo-worthiness defects?

Hatch covers, their seals and securing arrangements.

Cargo containers.

Cargo handling cranes, wires and control systems.

Untypical weather conditions.

What is the unique different design feature in a side-rolling, chain-drive “piggy-back” hatch cover arrangement?

A dumb panel with no wheels is lifted by hydraulic lift cylinders fitted to the coaming, a rolling panel is moved underneath it and the dumb panel is lowered onto the rolling panel, which is then driven to one side as the hatch is opened.

No direct hydraulic power is used and the hatches are opened by an arrangement of wires or chains.

The panels are lifted one on top of the other at one end of the hatch coaming by means of a travelling gantry crane.

A special flexible hinge arrangement allows the hatch cover to turn through 180° and fold back on top of an adjacent panel.

Standing instructions.

Reports and other related correspondence.

Log book entries.

Photographs.

回答

Which of the following is checked at an annual survey? Select all applicable answers:

Evidence of any significant changes to the hatch cover system since the last survey.

The condition of seals, compression bars, tracks, cleats, stoppers and the panel structures.

Watertightness, as established by a hose test or equivalent.

Thickness measurements of plate and structural stiffeners.

回答

In a side-opening rack and pinion hatch cover arrangement, what is the function of the “pot lifts”?

To raise a short section of rail to bring the rolling wheels up to the running level.

To deliver power to the rolling wheels.

To drive the continuous wire connecting (and opening) both panels.

To maintain the seal compression.

What type of hatch cover is frequently fitted with an indirect cross-joint cleating arrangement, where wedge-shaped battening devices attached to the covers engage in coaming sockets, causing the panels to be forced together as they are lowered onto the coaming?

Side-rolling covers.

Four panel folding covers.

Stacking covers.

Pontoon covers.

Prior to closing hatch covers, which of the following should be standard safety checks? Select all applicable answers:

Peripheral and cross-joint drain channels and the trackways are scraped and swept clear of any cargo residual.

The drain valve should be checked for clear drainage.

The canvas sock, if fitted, should be poked through to ensure it is clear.

The trackway should be checked as clear of any loose gear or other equipment.

回答

Which of the following can be seen as potential limitations of a hose test? Select all applicable answers:

The surveyor has to go inside the hold to look for leaks.

The source of a leak may be difficult to locate, as water may run along the edge of the hatch before it drops off into the hold.

The application of the water jet on the deck above may not be everything that the surveyor might wish.

Accumulation of water in the drainage system may also be difficult to detect.

The risk presented by a hold which is already loaded and the suspicion of leakage.

Because it gives no indication of the amount of seal compression that exists when the ship is actually underway in a seaway.

回答

What is considered to be an acceptable reading in an ultrasonic test? As per the general industry standard quoted in this module.

Any reading less than 10 % of the open-hatch reading.

Any reading less than 10 % of the closed-hatch reading.

Any reading more than 10 % of the open-hatch reading.

Any reading more than 1 % of the closed-hatch reading.

Which of the following figure in the top ten reasons for cargo damage based on water damage, as listed in this chapter?

Blocked drain holes in hatch covers and coaming corners.

Holes in the steel plating caused by corrosion, possibly localized.

Wires or chains dragging across the hatch cover surface.

Eccentric wheels must be turned to the correct position to lower the hatch panels.

回答

How is a chalk test carried out?

Chalk is spread on the compression bar and the hatch is then closed; when it is re-opened, the seal is examined for the absence of chalk at any point, which indicates a lack of contact.

Chalk is spread on the compression bar and the hatch is then closed; when it is re-opened, the seal is examined for the presence of chalk at any point, which indicates a lack of contact.

Chalk is spread on the hatch cover seal and the hatch is then closed; when it is re-opened, the seal is examined for traces of cargo in the chalk, which indicates a leak.

Chalk is spread on the compression bar and the hatch is then closed and sealed; water is applied by hose; when the hatch is re-opened, any leak will be indicated by blue discoloration of the chalk where water has penetrated.

As quoted in this chapter, which of the features listed below, render all hatch covers potentially dangerous? Select all applicable answers:

They move quite quickly, very often with no audible or visible alarms to give warning of their movement.

They are manoeuvred by heavily-loaded wire arrangements, hydraulic cylinders or chains and often make use of gravity, particularly when closing.

They are generally slow moving, which makes their movement difficult to detect.

They are controlled by wires and chains, which could part at any time if the weight of the hatch comes on them unexpectedly.

回答

Under standard operating conditions and with proper handling, what might the expected life expectancy of a rubber hatch seal be (as quoted in this program)?

4-5 years.

6 months.

1 year.

2 years.

10-12 years.

What technique do automatic cleats employ to hold the hatch firmly in place once closed?

Wedges on the hatch cover engaging mechanically in matching wedges on the coaming.

They slide across like a wedge bolts.

They are applied and tightened using hydraulic cylinders to provide the force.

They are dropped into place and then tightened up with a spanner.

Which of the following must there be a comprehensive record of, in order to be able to demonstrate “due diligence”?

Testing.

Repairs.

Personnel on board at the time of any cargo-related incidents or structural failures.

Communications with the vessel’s superintendent.

回答

You are carrying out maintenance on number 3 hatch cover. The permanent set has reached half the design compression in places and there are signs of wear. You have cut out two metres of bad seal along the port side. What length of rubber will you actually cut to insert in its place?

2,06 m.

2 m.

1,94 m.

2,03 m.

1,97 m.

Which of the following may be seen as arguments against using hatch sealing tape? Select all applicable answers:

It can lead to a false sense of security.

If the tape is applied over cross-joint drain holes, any water ingress due to partial loss of the tape is trapped in the cross-joint.

Complete sealing of the cross-joint is usually difficult because of the various cleats and other units across the joint.

The tape can cause deterioration and accelerated corrosion of the coating system at the cross-joint.

回答

You have just replaced the seal on number 2 hatch. What should you do now?

Measure the seal compression and record it.

Secure the lid as tightly as possible and leave it closed until arrival; in the next port.

Measure the groove in the seal in the forward corners of the hatch.

Compare the appearance of the new seal to that of the old seal.

What is the class requirement for a hose test?

Nozzle of 15-18 mm in diameter, water pressure of about 2 bar, the jet of water aimed not more than 1 metre from, and directly at, every part of the sealing areas, moved at not more than 1 metre per 3 seconds, where the hatch covers are closed and cleated.

Nozzle of 10-15 mm in diameter, water pressure of about 3 bar, the jet of water aimed not more than 1 metre from, and directly at, every part of the sealing areas, moved at not more than 1 metre per 10 seconds, where the hatch covers are closed but not cleated.

Nozzle of 20-24 mm in diameter, water pressure of about 1,5 bar, the jet of water aimed not more than 1,5 metres from, and directly at, every part of the sealing areas, moved at not more than 1 metre per 5 seconds on the cross-joints and 1 metre per 3 seconds on the peripheral joints, where the hatch covers are closed and cleated.

A prime cause of early failure of hatch seals is over-compression caused by corrosion or breakdown of the steel-to-steel contact. Cleats are then frequently over-tightened in an attempt to compensate. But what types of failure does this action commonly result in? Select all applicable answers:

Accelerated wear on the seal.

Fracture of the cleat assembly.

Misalignment of the hatch cover.

Possible structural collapse at the hatch corners.

Distortion of the roller wheels.

回答

The Hague-Visby Rules require the carrier to properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried. The “carefully-to-carry” clause includes which of the following requirements?

That the ship-owner and the master of the ship must understand the nature of the cargo carried and the extent of the precautions necessary to look after it.

That the ship-owner must understand the process of wear and tear resulting from the carriage of cargo and ensure the master pursues a program of regular inspection and maintenance.

That the charterer must understand the nature of the cargo carried and ensure the ship-owner and master of the ship exercise due diligence in its carriage.

That the master of a vessel will exercise due diligence in his responsibilities to the owner of the cargo, the operator of the vessel and to the environment.

In order to understand the basic principle behind hatch cover design, how must the hatch be considered?

As a dynamic (mobile) object on the coaming.

As a static object on the coaming.

As a rigid object on the coaming.

As an open area continually exposed to salt water.

Which of the following procedures should be followed immediately after replacing a hatch seal?

The seal compression should be measured and recorded.

The lid should be closed as tightly as possible and left closed until arrival in the next port.

The groove in the seal should be measured in the forward corners of the hatch.

The appearance of the new seal should be compared to that of the old seal.

What will an inspection prior to discharge primarily establish?

Whether the measures taken in sealing the hatch after loading were successful.

Whether there is any damage to the hatch cover panels.

Whether there is any damage to the trackway.

Whether the hatch was closed properly.

Article III, rule 1 of the Hague-Visby Rules requires the carrier to fulfil which of the following conditions? Select all applicable answers:

Make the ship seaworthy.

Properly man, equip and supply the ship.

Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.

Man, equip and supply the ship to minimum cost.

Make the holds, tanks, refrigerating compartments and other spaces generally clean and fit for the carriage of goods that are not designated for human consumption.

回答

What are the two main aspects to the maintenance of hatch covers in service, as identified in this program?

Anti-corrosion activities.

Routine maintenance of the system.

Statutory periodic inspections.

Replacement of the seals.

Overhaul of the cleats.

回答

You are on board a bulk-carrier, in ballast, at sea. You are to clean and examine the inner faces of the side-rolling hatch covers on no 2 hold. What particular safety measure is required?

Safety fencing, consisting of portable stanchions with an upper and lower safety wire, should be in place.

Nothing particular is required.

Ensure the covers can move freely at any time.

All personnel not directly involved in the inspection should leave the deck.

Personnel should be instructed not to climb up onto the hatch cover at any time.

How does a side-rolling, chain-drive “piggy-back” hatch cover work?

The hatches are opened by an arrangement of wires or chains, which stack the hatches one on top of the other at one end of the hatch coaming.

The panels are lifted one on top of the other at one end of the hatch coaming by means of a travelling gantry crane.

A special flexible hinge arrangement allows the first hatch cover to turn through 180° and fold back on top of the second panel; these two then rotate together, coming to rest on top of the third panel and so on.

How should the use of hatch sealing tape and other sealants generally be viewed?

They must never be seen as an acceptable alternative to good and thorough maintenance or proper repairs.

They should always be used in case the hatch cover and seal are defective.

They provide a cheap solution to minor defects.

They provide an adequate solution to major weather tightness problems over a short length of voyage.

It is February 3rd. You have just loaded a cargo of gravel in Trondheim, Northern Norway. You anticipate that, if you close the cargo hatches, the rubber hatch seal may stick to the compression bar. What can you do to prevent this?

Spread a non-organic grease or commercial glycerine on the compression bar prior to closure.

Heat the rubber hatch seal with steam immediately prior to closure.

Replace the hatch seal with special reinforced compound sealing material.

Apply whale grease to both the compression bar and the hatch seal surface 15 minutes before closing the hatch.

What additional fixtures are found on lift-away (pontoon) covers?

Large locators, to absorb the forces caused by deformation of the coaming when the ship is working in a seaway.

Quick-acting cleats.

Elliptical drive wheels.

A bell crank on each side.

Which of the following are considered to be the most common forms of hatch cover type? Select all applicable answers:

Folding covers.

Rolling covers.

Stacking covers.

Lift-away (pontoon) covers.

Floating covers.

回答

In order to be able to demonstrate “due diligence”, which of the following must there be a comprehensive record of?

Regular maintenance.

Inspections.

Repairs.

Testing.

All associated classification survey histories.

回答

Which of the following age brackets are particularly associated with defective hatch covers?

10-20 years.

0-1 year.

0-10 years.

20-30 years.

Which of the following are acknowledged challenges to the ship’s officers and crew, in terms of maintenance of their hatch covers and associated fittings? Select all applicable answers:

The prevailing weather, climate and operating environment.

Availability of crew for maintenance.

Restrictions on opening hatches imposed by the vessel being at sea.

Short turnaround time in port.

Pressure to reduce or control costs and delay expenditure.

回答

In respect of any repairs to hatch covers, with whom does the ultimate responsibility lie under the laws governing the carriage of goods by sea?

The ship-owner.

The designated subcontractor.

The ship’s officers.

The charterer.

Добро пожаловать! Оцените уровень своих знаний с помощью стандартной системы оценки экипажа CES (Crew Evaluation System) по теме «Hatch Cover Maintenance on the Bulk Carrier» (Техническое Обслуживание Грузовой Крышки Люка на Сухогрузных судах). Данный тест поможет вам, как морскому специалисту, подготовиться к сдаче экзаменов, получению сертификата компетентности или аттестата.

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