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家 在线测试 CES Oil tanker MASTER / Ch-Officer Test online CES 5.1 for MASTER / Ch-Officer, Oil tanker vessel
在线测试： Test online CES 5.1 for MASTER / Ch-Officer, Oil tanker vessel
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该测试由有关选定主题的随机问题组成。
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Falls used in launching shall be turned end for end at an interval of not more than X months and to be renewed not later than every Y years, where the intervals are:
12 months / 4 years
6 months / 2 years
20 months / 3 years
30 months / 5 years
How many buoyant smoke signals are carried in each liferaft with SOLAS B pack?
Nil
4
6
1
Buoyant smoke signals shall be so designed as to burn or emit smoke:
continuously after having been immersed for a period of 1 minute under 1m of water
only when not in the water
continuously after having been immersed for a period of 10 seconds under 100mm of water
when underwater
The fire point is
The maximum pressure that will be reached when a given combustible burns into an enclosed space
The minimum temperature at which a combustible gives off vapours that may burn in contact with oxygen in air, and at which combustion persists once the source of ignition has been removed
A process of chemical decomposition by oxidation-reduction at unusually high temperature, in areas with slight ventilation.
The minimum temperature at which a combustible gives off vapours that may burn when they are in contact with oxygen in air, when there is a presence of activation energy; but with no capacity of maintaining combustion.
In a liquid fire the surface of which is about 100m?,
the radiated heat can spread to exposures placed 200m away
the radiated heat is lower than the conducted heat
the radiated heat can spread to exposures placed 100m away
Flames are usually higher than the diameter of the fire
How is the activation of any detector or manually operated call point of fixed fire- detection and fire-alarm systems to be indicated? (SOLAS II-2/13.1.4)
By all the indication methods listed
By visual and audible signal at the control panel and indicating units
By sounding the ship-s fire alarm signal in crew accommodation and service spaces
By alarm signals at the bridge and engine room control panels
Which of the following measures should rather be considered as a prevention measure than as a protection measure?
Availability of an extinction equipment
Detection of fire in the area where it has started
Provision of an extinguisher in a compartment
Restriction in the usage of combustible materials
When the fire alarm signal is sounded every member of the ship's crew shall immediately proceed to their assigned fire station. Which one of the following signals is used as fire alarm signal on board cargo ships?
Intermittent signals by the ship's alarm bells.
Continuous blasts (very long blasts) by the ship's whistle and alarm bells.
Seven short blasts followed by one long blast by the ship's whistle and alarm bells.
One long blast with the ship's whistle and alarm bells followed by seven short blasts.
Which of the following should NOT be used on an electrical fire?
Dry powder extinguisher.
CO2 extinguisher.
Halon extinguisher
Water extinguisher.
*When should a crew member joining a ship for the first time be given some training and instructions in the use of the ship's fire-fighting appliances ?
As soon as possible
As soon as possible but not later than 24 hours after he joins the ship
As soon as possible but not later than 2 weeks after he joins the ship
As soon as possible but not later than 2 days after he joins the ship
Regular ‘updating’ of a ships’ position in an Inmarsat-C installation is necessary
To enter the correct data to the disk antenna
To keep to the correct Inmarsat-region
To have the correct position in case of accidents
To inform the satellite of ships position
“Fading” can partially be compensated by:
Clarifier
Automatic gain control
Dimmer
Pre-selector tuning
Where is the Safety Certificates for ships to be kept?
In the Captain's office
Posted up in a prominent place onboard the ship
In the Captain's safe
In the Owner's office
What does the abbreviation ABC mean in first aid?
Air, Breathing, Circulation.
Abandon, Balance, Circulation.
Air, Breath, Concentration.
Air, Burning, Critic.
Most cases of oil pollution are caused by human errors, often jointly by seafarers and shore based clean-up teams. What has proved to be the essential mistake executed by the shore people regarding environment damages?
Usage of oilbooms?
Usage of sawdust?
Usage of absorbent pads?
Dispersement of chemicals?
What should be observed concerning the vessel's stress?
The vessel's draft and trim?
Distribution of the containers?
Distribution and weight of the containers?
Weight of the containers?
Give the meaning of the following symbol
Heat detector
Area protected by halon
Halon horn
Portable fire extinguisher with halon
Your vessel is going alongside. One tug will assist at the mooring. How do you want to use the tug and at which position?
Pushing at vessel's flat side where it is needed
Make fast forward to pull when needed
Make fast aft to pull when needed
Make fast on the vessel's shoulder to push and pull
Two lines sent out and pretensioned equally have the same length, same breaking strength and same directional load. However, one is made of wire (which has a full load elastic elongation of about 1.5 % of its length) and the other made of nylon (which has a full load elongation of about 30 % of its length). If a sudden gust of wind increases the load on the lines, this increased load will be shared as follows:
Wire takes 55 % of the extra load. Rope takes 45 % of the extra load
By the wire and rope equally
Wire takes 45 % of the extra load. Rope takes 55 % of the extra load
Wire takes 95 % of the extra load. Rope takes 5 % of the extra load
How do you consider the indicated speed for berthing?
To be sufficient
Too slow
Too fast
It is up to the pilot to decide
You are sailing in shallow water, with 15% Under Keel Clearance. How will the stopping distance be, compared to deep water?
Longer
The same as in all depths
Shorter
About 1 ship-length longer
When handing over the con of a vessel to a pilot, should the Master insist in discussing the passage plan with the pilot while he is there to use his local knowledge and advice on the navigation of the ship?
The passage is well established and known by the pilot and a plan is therefore not necessary
The pilot would probably consider it unnecessary, be more interested in knowing the ship's characteristics and resist any passage planning discussions with the Master.
A pilot is responsible for the navigation whilst on board and will be very familiar with what is required, therefore discussing the passage plan is not necessary
A passage plan should be discussed between the Master and pilot, when under pilotage in the same way as discussed with the bridge team when deep sea
On which channel a ship must maintain a continuous watch when sailing in area A1?
13
2187.5
70
16
Which of the following is the correct minimum carriage requirement for a ship of more than 300 gross tons and operating in area A:
1MF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver– 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB –
1VHF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver– 2 or 3 VHF portable
1VHF RT – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver– 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB –
1VHF RT + DSC+ DSC watch receiver – 1 or 2 SART – 1 NAVTEX or 1 EGC receiver– 2 or 3 VHF portable – 1 EPIRB
Which of the following regions lies outside Sea Areas A1, A2, and A3?
Sea Area A4.
Sea Areas only apply to INMARSAT footprint areas.
There are no additional Sea Areas.
Sea Area A3-I (INMARSAT coverage) and Sea Area A3-S (HF SITORcoverage).
By frequency is meant:
number of vibrations
time lapse of vibrations.
number of vibrations per unit of time
Don't know
Which class of emission is used for VHF radio telephony transmissions ?
G3E
G2B
J2B
H3E
Which class of emission is used for VHF DSC transmissions ?
G2B
H3E
J3E
F1B
An area A3 is:
an area in polar regions
an area excluding sea areas A1 and A2 within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one Inmarsat geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available
an area excluding sea area A1 and A2 within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MRCC in which continuous watch on 8414,5 kHz is available
an area excluding sea areas A0, A1 and A2
Give the meaning of this symbol:
lifebuoy with light
lifebuoy with automatic sound signal
lifebuoy with line
lifebuoy with light and smoke
The minimum number of lifebuoys required for a cargo ship cannot be less than:
2
10
6
8
the minimum number of lifebuoys required on a cargo ship depends on:
the tonnage of the ship
the number of persons on board
the length of the ship
the sea area in which the ship is allowed to sail.
A ship in distress should transmit the appropriate alarm signal followed by the distress call and message on one or all of the international distress frequencies. Which of frequencies is in accordance with the present recommendations?
550 kHz, 2182 kHz and 121.5 MHz
500 kHz, 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz
550 kHz, 2367 kHz and 121.5 MHz
500 kHz, 2367 kHz and 243 MHz
A person wearing an adult lifejacket shall be able:
to swim a short distance through the water and board a survival craft
to dive half a meter under the water surface
to jump from any height into the water without being injured or damaging the lifejacket
to swim half a mile distance and board a survival craft
Which one of the listed requirements regarding the stowage of rescue boats do not correspond to present regulations? (SOLAS III/14)
Rescue boats shall be stowed attached to launching appliances
Rescue boats shall be stowed in apposition suitable for launching and recovery
Rescue boats shall be stowed in a state of continuos readiness for launching in not more than 5 minutes
Rescue boats shall be stowed so neither the rescue boat nor its launching arrangements will interfere with any survival craft at any other launching station
What is the meaning of this symbol ?
Survival craft portable radio
Radar transponder
Survival craft pyrotechnic distress signals
EPIRB
During a helicopter evacuation, the helicopter lowers his winch wire to the deck. Which of the following should NOT be done with the winch wire?
Secure it to a strong point on deck
Touch the wire with bare hands
Secure it to the deck with a weak link
All of the mentioned actions
The Training Manual shall contain instructions and information on the life-saving appliances and the best method of survival. The training manual shall contain detailed explanations of crew duties in relation to emergency situations. Which of the following tasks or duties shall be included in the manual according to present regulations?
Correct donning of the protective clothing.
Correct use of on-board communication equipment.
Correct donning of life-jackets.
The use of oars and sails for survival crafts.
Your vessel is a tanker in ballast and the two vessels are interlocked after collision. You have already made clear that all people are well taken care of and you will try to separate the two vessels. What should be your greatest concern?
If the vessels separate, the other vessel may run away and you will be the only one to blame.
That the separation may cause sparks that can possibly ignite the oil or any other flammable substances.
The exact time of the collision.
That you have your permission from the company to do so.
What is the purpose of the LD (low duty) compressors on an LNG carrier?
To deliver inert gas and to aid cooling down of the cargo tanks.
To transfer cargo vapour to the shore installation during loading operations.
To handle the LNG boil-off vapour for fuelling the boiler.
To discharging the LNG cargo at a slow rate.
Most fruit cargoes carried under refrigeration require introduction of fresh air into the cargo space to remove any excess carbon dioxide and ethylene produced by respiration of the cargo and sensors are fitted to detect these gases. Shipper's instructions will often indicate 'constant air change' as a requirement for a cargo. Why, even though this is a crude method for controlling the cargo space atmosphere, is this type of instruction given?
Some cargoes are very sensitive to ethylene levels and it may be difficult to accurately measure the low levels that would affect a cargo.
It is the standard method and it is always done that way for simplicity.
Fresh air helps to acclimatise the cargo to the prevailing ambient conditions.
As much fresh air as possible should always be introduced into the cargo space throughout the voyage to maintain cargo quality.
To get the best possible efficiency from refrigerator evaporators, the superheat should be regulated to?
0- 1 Degr. C.
40 - 50 Degr. C.
5 - 10 Degr. C.
25 - 30 Degr. C.
Temperature sensors may be marked PT100. What does this mean?
100 ohm at 0° C
20 ohm at 100° C
100 ohm at 20° C
0ohm at 100° C
What pressure is present in the crankcase of a vapour compression refrigeration compressor?
The same as the discharge pressure.
The same as the atmospheric pressure.
The same as the lubricating oil pressure.
The same as the suction pressure.
What is the most likely cause of the clean oil outlet pressure being higher than normal when operating a centrifuge as a fuel oil separator?
Drive clutch slipping.
Valve in the outlet line incorrectly positioned.
Broken water seal.
High fuel oil temperature.
Before each cargo tank is crude oil washed (COW) the oxygen content must be determined at?
A point 1 metre below the deck and at a point 2 metres above the bottom..
A point 1 metre below the deck and at the middle level of the ullage space.
A point 2 metres below the deck and at the middle level of the ullage space.
What sort of information must an inhibitor certificate contain?
Inhibitor name, number of cargo tanks inhibited, duration of effectiveness of inhibitor, expected duration of sea voyage and temperature limitation qualifying the lifetime of the inhibitor
Inhibitor name, number of cargo tanks inhibited, duration of effectiveness of inhibitor, expected duration of sea voyage and date the cargo tanks are inhibited
Inhibitor name, date inhibited and expire date of the inhibitor
Inhibitor name, concentration of inhibitor, duration of effectiveness of inhibitor, expected duration of sea voyage, temperature limitation qualifying the lifetime of the inhibitor and number of cargo tanks inhibited
What do you understand by: Hydrographic vessel in position…….wide berth requested?
This means: the hydrographic vessel is providing a wide berth
This means: the hydrographic vessel wishes to go alongside a wide berth
This means: the hydrographic vessel is very wide
This means: keep well clear of the hydrographic vessel in position………
In which of these circumstances can your ship request a DoS?
There is a heightened security risk for your ship and a port facility.
Your ship is conducting activities with a port or ship that is not required to implement an approved security plan.
Your ship is operating at a lower security level than the ship or port it is interfacing with.
Your ship has added a new port to its list of ports of call.
If an engine does not turn when the starting air is applied, what could be the most probable cause?
One or more starting air valve(s) have stuck.
Any of the alternatives.
The starting air distributor does not rotate, the coupling drive defective.
Starting air pressure is too low.
A cargo of steel swarf and borings (waste steel material from industrial processes) carried on a Bulk Carrier, is particularly liable to what?
Cargo sweat and reduced c carbon dioxide levels
A rise in methane gas levels
Production of carbon monoxide and oxygen
Oxygen depletion in the cargo space and self-heating of the cargo
You are in charge of a night bunkering operation. The delivery rate from the supplier is high and you are filling six tanks simultaneously. You loose track of the progress of the operation and feel that you are loosing control of the situation. What action should you take?
Stop bunkering, and establish facts, before bunkering is resumed
Request a reduction in the delivery rate to try and gain some time.
Prepare yourself and the crew for an overflow.
Open more tanks to slow down the filling rate of individual tanks.
On a container vessel, when would a bulk liquid cargo carried in a flexitank container be considered dangerous?
When the associated material safety data sheet shows a constituent(s) listed in the IMDG Code
When declared as a non-hazardous chemical
When the shipper instructs that the container be carried on-deck only
When declared as bulk liquid foodstuff
How does the Master want the tug secured?
The Master wants to secure the tug using two backsprings
The Master wants to secure the tug using two breast lines
The Master wants to secure the tug using one head line and one stern line
The Master wants to secure the tug using two head lines
What is the difference between methane and ethane?
Ethane has two more carbon atoms and two more hydrogen atoms.
Ethane has double bonding between the atoms.
Ethane has two more carbon atoms and one more hydrogen atoms.
Ethane has one more carbon atoms and two more hydrogen atoms.
This vessel is encountered at the mouth of a river which leads to your discharge port. What do the various shapes tell you?
This is a vessel engaged in mine-clearance opetrations. The two balls in a vertical line indicate that it has a sweep mechanism deployed; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate that the vessel should be given a clearance of at least 1000 metres; the ball / diamond / ball indicate that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
This is a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations. The two balls in a vertical line indicate the side on which an obstruction exists; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate the side on which it is safe to pass; the ball / diamond / /ball in a vertical line indiacte that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
This is a vessel engaged on port security duties. The two balls in a vertical line indicate that the port is closed; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate that the port is engaged in mine-clearance operations; the ball / diamond / ball in a vertical line indicate that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
This is a vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations. The two balls in a vertical line indicate the side on which it is safe to pass; the two diamonds in a vertical line indicate the side on which an obstruction exists; the ball / diamond / ball indicate that the vessel is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
If a vessel’s Moment to Change Trim by one Centimeter (MCTC) is 196 in saltwater, what would be her MCTC is water of density 1.015 T/m3?
197.93
194.087
203.90
196
In an inert gas system audible and visible alarms shall be provided to indicate faulty conditions in the installation. Which of the following conditions do not activate the alarms? (SOLAS II-2/62.19.1)
High air pressure in water seal
High water level in the flue gas scrubber
High gas pressure
High gas temperature
During a ballast voyage, the fuel consumption is noticeable higher than normal and all pressures and temperatures is normal, may the reason to this be:
Fouling of the hull
Opposing sea current
Long time since the last overhaul.
Water in the fuel.
What would be the likely cause if the shaft of a centrifugal pump shows excessive wear in way of the stuffing box?
The discharge pressure of the pump is too high.
Wrong direction of rotation of the pump.
Over tightening of the gland packing.
Incorrect material used in construction of the shaft.
In RoRo Cargo Planning What should be considered for the location of stowage of a heavy loads such as transformer, locomotive or work boats?
The discharge port rotation
Requests from the stevedore
The stability of the vessel, access to the location and the SWL of the stowage location
When unloading a generator, it is necessary to gradually decrease the load in order to avoid:
Undue overcurrent
Undue overload on the switchboard.
Undue overspeeding.
Undue temperature rise.
How can you arrange for safe movement of passengers on ro-ro decks?
Passengers should stay in their cars until loading is completed. They should keep to walkways when leaving the car.
Passengers are responsible for their own safety while moving about ro-ro decks.
It is easy, only drivers are allowed to stay in the car during loading and unloading.
Passengers should be warned of vehicle movements when entering or crossing car or vehicle decks. They should preferably keep to walkways while moving about the ship.
What is the name of the portable walkway or access between ship and shore?
Bulwark
Bridgeway
Accommodation ladder
Gangway
Tab washers are often fitted to bolted assemblies to prevent the nuts and bolts slackening. For an assembly where the nuts are positioned at the top select the option which describes the correct method of locating the tab washers.
Bend the inner tab up against one flat of the nut and the other tab down over the edge of the component.
Bend the outer tap down over the edge of the component and leave the other tab flat against the component.
Bend the outer tap up against one flat of the nut and leave the other tab flat against the component.
Bend both tabs up against opposite flats of the nut.
To what Proof Load is a 30T SWL derrick tested?
38T
35T
40T
33T
On a RoRo vessel, what should be done if a non dangerous goods ro-ro unit is found stowed in an incorrect location?
Advise stevedores at the port of discharge
Inform the company
Mark the unit and amend the stowage plan whilst informing the Master and company
TAN, total acid number is the:
Total content of organic acids in the oil.
Total content of organic and inorganic acids in the oil.
Amount of remaining alkalinity in the oil.
Total content of inorganic acids in the oil.
What is the maximum design working pressure for an Independent Type A cargo tank as may be used for the cargo containment system of a fully refrigerated LPG/Ammonia carrier?
Atmospheric pressure.
18 bar gauge pressure.
0.7 bar gauge pressure.
2 bar gauge pressure.
When carrying out repair or maintenance tasks involving hot work a hot work permit must be issued. Select the correct option from those given which completes the following statement. 'The permit for hot work…
..is valid for completion of the specific hot work tasks irrespective of the time taken.'
..can cover any additional hot work that arises during the completion of the task during the specified time period.'
..should only cover specific hot work tasks and be valid for a specified time period.'
..should only cover specific hot work tasks, be valid for a specified time period and be issued by the person carrying out the work.'
Where shall you be able to activate the ship security alert system on board ro-ro passenger ships?
Navigation bridge
From the navigation bridge and in at least one other location
Captain's office
Captain's- and Chief Officer's office
What is the meaning of the expression 'dead-band'?
It will is not respond to adjustment of set-point
The controller will not react to a process change in this range
The controller will enter 'sleep mode'
It will take some time before the controller will react to a change
On a Container vessel, during rolling which of the following bears the initial stresses?
Twistlocks
Container corner posts
Lashing rods
Container corner castings
What name is given to the inspection and measurements at the end of a bulk carrier's loading operation, that determines the weight of cargo lifted based on the observed draughts, any list, hog or sag, the dock water density and the calculation of ballast and consumables on the vessel?
Port Measurement.
Load Survey.
Departure Survey.
Draught Survey.
We say the centrifugal pump cavitates when:?
When the liquid accelerates from the suction side.
When the NPSH is variable.
A reduction of the flow.
We have negative pressure on the inlet side of the pump.
Which one of the listed requirements for passenger ships regarding personal life-saving appliances do not correspond to present regulations?
The 5% extra lifejackets carried on board have to be stowed in conspicuous places on deck or at the muster stations?
Ro-ro passenger ships shall carry at least 2 lifebuoys provided with self-igniting lights an self-activating smoke signals
All lifejackets shall be fitted with reflex, a whistle and a light
All lifejackets shall be fitted with a whistle, a light and a smoke signal
Why is the cargo boil-off vapour on conventional LNG carriers not normally condensed and returned to the cargo tanks?
The amount boil-off is very low due to good insulation so its not worth the effort.
Since the cargo always has a low pressure and temperature there is no need for cooling.
The cargo temperature is normally too low to be cooled with conventional cooling plants.
Because of the high energy consumption needed to condense and recover the boil off.
Data loggers are a vital part of the temperature control and monitoring system on a reefer vessel. In a situation where the data logger fails several days before the end of the voyage it is still necessary to maintain control of and monitor cargo temperatures. How could an accurate, portable thermometer be used to the best effect, to achieve this, in such a situation?
Use the thermometer to maintain the delivery air settings as they were prior to the data logger breaking down.
Use the thermometer to check the pulp temperature by entering the cargo space and placing it in the centre of the stow.
Use the thermometer to check and control the delivery air temperature by inserting it in the delivery air ducting close to the evaporators.
Use the thermometer to check and control the return air temperature by holding it in the return air space on top of the cargo.
The ship is en route. When may passengers visit the bridge?
Passengers are not allowed to visit the bridge while the ship is en route
When the weather is nice and the sea is calm
During daytime if the traffic is smooth
Whenever they want
After a discharge of a cargo of bananas there are a large number of cartons of condemned fruit left on deck. The vessel is not in a special area and is more than 100 miles from land. Select from the options given the most appropriate action to take to dispose of the condemned fruit.
Keep the fruit onboard for crew consumption.
Keep the condemned cargo onboard until it can be landed at a suitable reception facility.
Remove and retain any plastic packaging before dumping the condemned cargo overboard.
Dump the entire condemned cargo, including packaging, overboard and make a note in the Garbage Disposal Log
The turbocharger on a diesel engine is surging and making occasional, loud "whoofing" noises. Which one of the options given is the most probable cause of this?
Engine on bridge control.
Rapid changes in engine load due to rough sea conditions.
Exhaust system recently cleaned.
Air leakage from scavenge receiver.
What should you ensure prior to battening down hatches for sea passage?
That cargo hold bilges are empty
That cargo clusters have been removed from all cargo spaces
That cargoes have been stowed according to the stowage plan
That hatch ventilators have been closed
What English name is given to a kind of heavy-duty, wide-bladed knife, used for dividing joints of meat or poultry and which is much favoured by cooks of far-eastern nationalities for a wider range of cutting tasks?
Cleaner.
Cleater.
Clever.
Cleaver.
What do you understand by the term Maximum Continuous Rating, MCR, of a diesel engine?
The maximum load that the engine can operate at continuosly.
The maximum cylinder pressure that the engine can operate at continuously.
The maximum charge air pressure that the engine can operate at continuously.
The maximum speed that the engine can operate at continuously.
Which is the "MOORING BUOY", in the figure?
The Mooring Buoy is indicated by D, in the figure
The Mooring Buoy is indicated by A, in the figure
The Mooring Buoy is indicated by C, in the figure
The Mooring Buoy is indicated by B, in the figure
What kind of fixed extinguishing plant is installed to use on an oil tanker’s engine room and pump room?
Water spray plant.
CO2 plant.
Foam plant.
Powder plant.
On a Container vessel, what must be done when container lashing equipment fails at sea?
Report the matter to the equipment manufacturer's
Report the matter to the ship owner
Enter the number and type of failed equipment in the deck log book
Enter the number and type of failed equipment into the lashing equipment file on board
What should you observe when patrolling public areas on board?
Drunk people
If all the fire extinguishers are in place and that fire doors are open
Stowaways
All abnormalities that may affect the safety/ security of passengers, crew and the ship
You are ready to start crude oil washing of a cargo tank. What measurement(s) must be performed before you start?
Measurement of the oxygen content in the supplied Inert Gas.
Measurement of the oxygen level one meter below deck in the tank to be washed.
All the measurements mentioned must be performed.
Measurement of the oxygen level in the middle of the ullage space in the tank to be washed
What is the cargo owners' main issue by requesting tankers to exercise COW?
To maximize discharge outturn?
Provide effective sludge control?
Reduce amount of oil in ballast?
To minimize the water washing of cargo tanks?
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