Test for seamans about Marine Environment Awareness

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Правильні відповіді:
1

Which one of the given options best describes the process of photosynthesis?

Правильну відповідь:

Plants use sunlight to produce sugars and oxygen.

Ваша відповідь:

Animals and plants use sunlight to produce sugars.
2

Chemicals may be grouped by the way that they behave when they enter the sea. Which one of the given options best describes the four different groupings for behaviour of chemicals entering the sea as defined in this module?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They may sink, float, dissolve or evaporate.
3

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Marine mammals use sound only for communications.
4

Which of the given options is NOT normally considered to be part of oil?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Chlorophyll.
5

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The Profit P in sustainable development relates to:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Making a business profit while recognizing sustainable demands.
6

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Oceans are important for humans, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They provide fish and regulate our climate.
7

What percentage of the global man made CO2 emissions was international shipping estimated to be responsible for in 2007?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

2,7 %.
8

Which one of the given options best describes mangrove trees?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Salt-tolerant trees in tropical regions.
9

Which one of the given options is the estimated operational discharge of oil into the sea in 2002?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

24 % of oil entering the sea.
10

Which of the combinations given in the options are the main components of diesel engine exhaust gas emissions that may cause health problems for humans?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

SOx and PM.
11

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to emissions from ships?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Road traffic often emits more SOx and PM than shipping.
12

When sewage enters the sea in a coastal area it adds extra nutrients and phytoplankton may grow “out of control”. What happens when bacteria break down the increased number of dead phytoplankton which will result from this situation?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Oxygen levels decrease because bacteria use up oxygen when decomposing algae.
13

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Dumping plastic at sea is:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Never allowed.
14

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Once microplastics are ingested by small animals at low levels in the food chain:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The chemicals contained in the plastic enters their body tissues and are passed on to organisms higher in the food chain.
15

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The main ecological impacts of oil on the marine environment are:

Правильну відповідь:

Death of seabirds, fouling of coastal areas.

Ваша відповідь:

Ingestion by fish, fouling of coastal areas.
16

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. A typical food chain in a kelp forest would consist of:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Kelp – sea urchins – sea otters.
17

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Plankton in the open ocean are usually small, because:

Правильну відповідь:

Open oceans are nutrient-poor.

Ваша відповідь:

The small size allows them to hide from predators more easily.
18

Which one of the given options is the most accurate in relation to how much oil enters the sea through operational spills compared to accidental spills?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Operational spills contribute three times more oil than accidental spills.
19

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Oil is not toxic to zooplankton.
20

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Sustainable development has three aspects, often represented by the three P’s, which are:

Правильну відповідь:

People, Planet and Profit.

Ваша відповідь:

Participation, Pride and Profit.
21

Which of the given options is the typical make up and order of a simple, marine food chain?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Phytoplankton – zooplankton – small fish – large fish.
22

Which IMO convention contains the main environmental regulations for shipping?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

MARPOL.
23

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. When a chemical evaporates:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

It is not normally dangerous to fish but it may be dangerous for the ship’s crew.
24

Which of the statements given in the options is NOT true?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

TBT is still used as antifouling in some paints.
25

Which of the given options is the main reason that some chemicals reach concentrations that are 100 000 times higher in animals, such as predatory fish, compared to concentrations locally in the sea water?

Правильну відповідь:

Because chemicals bio accumulate in the food chain.

Ваша відповідь:

Because predatory fish cannot break down the chemicals in their tissues.
26

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to shipping and the environment?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Disasters with oil tankers are the only important environmental impact from shipping.
27

Which of the following statements is true in relation to waste dumped into the sea?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Solid waste can often not be digested by marine animals and it remains in the intestines resulting in the animals starving to death.
28

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT correct in relation to seafarers, shipping and the environment?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Seafarers have no influence on how things work on board; they should just follow orders.
29

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Once animals get entangled in solid waste it is problematic because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They may drown, suffocate, get injured or have trouble finding food.
30

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Climate change is defined as:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Any change of climate over time which may be due to natural causes or as a result of human activity.
31

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. MARPOL first entered into force in:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

1978.
32

Which one of the given options is a key-element of the natural greenhouse effect?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Greenhouse gases prevent heat from the sun escaping from the Earth and keep the Earth warm.
33

Which of the given options are the components of ships diesel engine exhaust gas emissions that are the main contributors to acidification and acid rain formation?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

SOx and NOx.
34

Approximately how long does it take for a plastic bottle to break down in the marine environment?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

450 years.
35

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The natural greenhouse effect is a good thing, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Without it the average world temperatures would be 18 °C.
36

Select from the given options the statement which is most correct in relation to the marine environment:

Правильну відповідь:

Food chains are connected in more complex food webs.

Ваша відповідь:

Multiple food chains together form a food pyramid.
37

How big are the “pools of garbage” in the Pacific Ocean estimated to be?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The size of the continent Europe.
38

Approximately how many people on earth live close to the sea as a percentage of the world population?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

60 %.
39

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. In open oceans a typical food chain normally has:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

6 levels.
40

Which of the given options is the main reason why oil kills seabirds?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The oil sticking to their feathers makes them drown or die from the cold.
41

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The People P in sustainable development relates to:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Acceptable working conditions for employees and societal acceptance.
42

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Rocky shore inhabitants are generally tough, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They are used to rough circumstances, like the waves.
43

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Effects of invasive species being introduced into a marine environment can include:

Правильну відповідь:

The collapse of fisheries, drastic changes in marine food webs and an increased risk of eating toxic shellfish.

Ваша відповідь:

The collapse of fisheries, drastic changes in marine food web, and a decreased risk of eating toxic shellfish.
44

Why are deep sea organisms very often slow growing?

Правильну відповідь:

Because of low temperatures and lack of food.

Ваша відповідь:

Because it is dark in deep waters.
45

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. In relation to climate change, the scientific community agrees:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

That the climate is changing and that humans play a role in this.
46

Is it true that species that are too large to be taken up in a ballast water tank can be transported by ships?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Yes, because their eggs and larvae are small enough to be taken up in a ballast water tank.
47

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Sustainable shipping is:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A form of shipping that makes a profit, has minimal effects on the environment and is accepted by society.
48

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA), as defined by the IMO, is:

Правильну відповідь:

An area protected from potential damage by shipping.

Ваша відповідь:

An area protected from potential damage by shipping and fishing.
49

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The main problem with microplastics being present in the marine environment is that:

Правильну відповідь:

They may be eaten by small animals and enter the food chain.

Ваша відповідь:

They sink to the sea floor.
50

Which of the given options correctly orders the first three processes which happen when oil enters the sea?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Spreading on the surface, evaporation into the air and dissolving in the water column.
51

Why does international shipping have to cut carbon dioxide emissions?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Because, if action is not taken, shipping’s contribution to global carbon dioxide emissions is expected to grow fast in the coming decades.
52

Which one of the marine environments given in the options is most vulnerable to oil pollution?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Mangrove forest.
53

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Antifouling paint containing tributyltin has been prohibited by IMO, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

It caused toxic effects in marine organisms.
54

In relation to the marine environment, what is the meaning of the word tainting?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The process by which shellfish start tasting like chemicals (or oil).
55

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to invasive marine species?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Invasive toxic algae kill shellfish like mussels.
56

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Bacteria are an important element in the marine environment primarily because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They break down the waste produced in the food chain.
57

Which one of the given options is accepted as the depth of water at which the coastal sea ends and the open ocean begins?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

At 200 m deep.
58

Which of the given options defines microplastics in the marine environment?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size.
59

Which one of the given options is considered a chronic toxic effect of chemicals rather than an acute effect?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Problems with reproduction.
60

Which one of the given options best represents the main constituents that make up the exhaust gas emissions from ship’s diesel engines?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

CO2, SOx, NOx and PM.
61

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. The Planet P in sustainable development relates to:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Care for the natural world.
62

Food chain has three levels and 1 000 000 kg of phytoplankton. The food chain consists of phytoplankton – large zooplankton – predator fish. How much of the top predator will be produced according to the 10 % rule?

Правильну відповідь:

10 000 kg.

Ваша відповідь:

100 kg.
63

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to the transfer of marine life through ballast water operations?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Faster ships make it harder for marine species to travel.
64

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to the “pools of garbage” discovered by Captain Charles Moore?

Правильну відповідь:

Most animals that are entangled in plastics are found in the pools of garbage.

Ваша відповідь:

In the pools of garbage, the amount of plastics can be six times greater than that of plankton.
65

Which one of the given options is the most accurate definition of the term “invasive species” in relation to the marine environment?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Alien species that become a pest in a new environment.
66

Which of the gases given in the options are not usually emitted by ships during normal operations?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

NH4.
67

Two “pools of garbage” were discovered by Captain Charles Moore. Where are they located?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Pacific Ocean.
68

Why are coral reefs considered to be vulnerable?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Because they are slow growing animals and can be easily damaged.
69

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to sustainable development?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Business pay more attention to preserving the environment than to making money.
70

What is considered to be the main effect and greatest environment risk of acidification?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

It damages trees, kills life in lakes and damages old building.
71

Approximately how much of the world’s surface is covered by water?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

70 %.
72

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Emissions of SOx and small particles (PM) from ships into the atmosphere are relatively high, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Heavy fuel oil contains high concentrations of sulphur.
73

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Sound produced by ships can be a problem to marine life, because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Underwater sounds produced by ships interfere with the marine mammals ability to communicate.
74

Which statement is NOT true in relation to transport of goods by sea?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Only 75 % of world trade is carried by sea.
75

Which one of the statements given in the options is NOT true in relation to plastics dumped into the sea?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

When animals eat plastics they always pass them out with body waste.
76

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Research shows that the main reason for dumping solid waste from ships is:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Simply habit.
77

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Animals sometimes eat solid waste (and even feed it to their young), because:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Solid waste may look like their normal food.
78

Which of the statements given in the options is NOT true, in relation to oil pollution of the sea?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Economic effects of oil pollution are always connected to the size of the spill.
79

A food chain has four levels and 1 000 000 kg of phytoplankton. The food chain consists of phytoplankton – large zooplankton – small fish – predator fish. How much of the top predator will be produced according to the 10 % rule?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

1 000 kg.
80

Select the option that most accurately completes the following statement. Three main biological differences between coastal seas and open oceans are:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Types of phytoplankton, levels of primary production and lengths of food chains.
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