Тест по Incident Investigation (CES v5.0)

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Правильні відповіді:
1

When presenting findings and recommendations in a report for on board use, which of the following will help to increase understanding and interest?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Avoid jargon and keep it simple.
2

In terms of investigation, which of the following may be considered as the results or effects of an accident?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The loss experienced at the end of a sequence of events.
3

Which three of the following may be an indication that entries in an engine-room log-book have been added, or amended, at a later stage?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

An entry between others in a different handwriting style.; An entry between others using a different pen.; An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time.
4

Which three of the following may be said to be the results of good control measures?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The effects of energy transfer may be prevented, altered or absorbed.; Harm may be minimized.; Damage may be eliminated or minimized.
5

Which of the following may be categorized under lack of knowledge?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Inadequate orientation or briefing.; Lack of experience.; Inadequate updating or refresher training.
6

Which two of the following are examples of substandard practises?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Overriding or bypassing safety devices.; Failure to use personal protective equipment.
7

Which four of the following are amongst the “golden rules” of interviewing?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Don’t do all the talking.; Put the witness at ease.; Be patient.; Remain impartial.
8

When an accident occurs on board that may have an effect on the safety of the crew and on the environment, an investigator will afterwards examine the way the situation developed afterwards. In which two ways is it generally understood that a situation will go?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

It may continue to deteriorate.; It may be recovered.
9

Which incident is credited with first bringing about a major focus on what is called the “human element” in marine disasters?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”.
10

As described in this training program, an accident is generally caused by contact with which two of the following?

Правильну відповідь:

A source of energy.; A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned.

Ваша відповідь:

A source of energy.; A body within which all energy has been contained during an impact.
11

The following describe entries found in a ship’s logbook. Which three may be an indication that the entries have been added or changed at a later stage?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical sequence.; “Liquid paper” (Tipex) has been used.; An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time.
12

Identify the United Nations Convention and the major IMO Convention which require Flag States to investigate and report marine casualties and pollution incidents:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974.; MARPOL 1974.
13

If a chain is used to illustrate the sequence of events leading up to and surrounding an accident, at what point is the accident itself considered to take place?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

At the weakest link.
14

What broad rule is often referred to by safety investigators when explaining the selective investigation of reported incidents?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The 80/20 rule.
15

For the purposes of communications relating to an incident, who is the nominated representative of the Owner of the vessel?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The Master.
16

In respect of incident investigation, complacency, incompetence, negligence, recklessness and lack of communication are all examples of what?

Правильну відповідь:

Fallability.

Ваша відповідь:

Pre-existing management failure.
17

The Chief Officer has been appointed to investigate an incident in the engine room workshop. He is planning to interview a number of crewmembers. Which two of the following should he do, prior to commencing the interviews? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Analyse the evidence already secured.; Identify evidence still to be secured.
18

Which of the following is the definition of an “impartial” witness, within the context of this program?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

One who has no personal interest and nothing to gain, or lose.
19

If control is assessed as inadequate, which two of the following factors may be representative of inadequate performance standards?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

They are not specific enough.; They are assessed as not high or demanding enough.
20

Which two of the following are examples of transfer of energy by contact?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Damage to spare parts in storage cabinet sustained when work bench broke loose in the electrician’s workshop during heavy weather.; Steward opens locker door and is hit by falling crockery as ship rolls.
21

If accidents are not investigated and the causes addressed, which of the following might reasonably be expected to happen in the future?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Further similar accidents, incidents and near-misses will occur.
22

An accident is frequently caused by contact with which two of the following?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A source of energy.; A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned.
23

Which guidelines, produced by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum in 1997, are intended to promote, among tanker operators, an increased understanding and awareness of personnel safety through the efficient and accurate reporting and recording of accidents?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The Marine Injury Reporting Guidelines.
24

There has been an incident on board the vessel, with some casualties and pollution. A local newspaper reporter approaches the seaman on duty at the gangway and asks him to explain what happened. He offers the man 50 $ for his help. How should the seaman be trained to react to such an approach?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

He should not enter into any discussion relating to the incident. He should refuse admission to the reporter.
25

Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Complacency.; Incompetence.; Recklessness.; Negligence.
26

Which three of the following are examples of post-contact controls?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Emergency evacuation plans.; First Aid.; Search and Rescue operations.
27

Which two of the following are examples of abnormal behaviour?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Commencing the overhaul of a ballast valve, without first checking that it has been properly isolated and the appropriate warning notices put in place in the control room.; Operating a manifold crane on which no training and familiarization has been delivered.
28

When we refer to a “blame culture”, what kind of culture do we consider typically exists?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

One, where people look no further than “human error”.
29

Which five of the following may be categorized under the general factor described as “lack of skill”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Inadequate foundation training.; Inadequate practise.; Infrequent performance.; Lack of coaching.; Inadequate competence management.
30

Which three of the following are examples of “latent factors” that may be found to contribute to an accident?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Design.; Incorrect installation.; Faulty maintenance.
31

What connection is there between the sinking of the s. s. “Titanic” in 1912 and a method commonly used to illustrate the relationship between reported and unreported accidents and incidents?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The “Titanic” was sunk when she struck an iceberg and an iceberg is commonly used to illustrate how the large numbers of unreported incidents go “unseen”.
32

Which piece of international legislation directly resulted from the sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.
33

Which four of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Personal injury.; Material damage.; Lost time.; Adverse publicity.
34

Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Recovery costs.; Reduced profits.; Loss of future business.; Lost time.
35

Which three of the following are examples of possible “hidden” costs resulting from an accident or incident?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Lost time.; Reduced capacity.; Increased insurance premiums.
36

Which of the following safety management objectives are required from a shipping company by the ISM Code? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

To provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment.; To establish safeguards against all identified risks.; To continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection.
37

Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Lost time.; Reduced capacity.; Drop in performance.; Increased premiums.
38

Which of the following is the definition of “evidence”, as described in this training program?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Something that demonstrates proof.
39

In relation to the accident timeline, there are commonly three periods of opportunity to apply or increase control. Which of the following are they?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Pre-contact.; Contact.; Post-contact.
40

Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Negligence.; Lack of monitoring.; Lack of communication.; Ongoing management failure.
41

Following an accident, the situation may develop in one of two ways. Which are they?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

It may continue to deteriorate.; It may be recovered.
42

If an officer is instructed to investigate an incident which involved a broken wire on a mooring winch and he is supporting his inquiry with photographs, how should he try to photograph the wire?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

In place, still on the winch drum.
43

Safety investigators often investigate and analyse only a selective “percentage” of incidents and accidents. What percentage does this training module suggest is generally used?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

20 %.
44

If accidents are investigated and the information obtained is constructively fed back into the system, which of the following might reasonably be anticipated?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A reduction, or even elimination of such accidents in the future.
45

Which four of the following are examples of substandard practises?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Operating equipment without authority.; Overriding or bypassing safety devices.; Operating at an improper or unsafe speed.; Failure to use personal protective equipment.
46

The study conducted by the North of England P&I Club used the example of a man and a ladder alongside the accident pyramid to further illustrate their conclusions. What relationship did this further suggest?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

That the severity of accidents depends on the degree of hazard.
47

Which two of the following will commonly be amongst an investigator’s aims when planning a series of interviews as part of the inquiry procedure?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

To establish and confirm the sequence of events.; To understand how the witness was involved in the incident.
48

Which two of the following are examples of substandard conditions?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Congested or restricted work area.; Inadequate or defective warning systems.
49

Which four of the following are examples of automatically recorded data?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Alarm logs.; Engine movement print-outs.; Course recorded charts.; Online ullage report.
50

The maximum safe working load of a crane has been exceeded. When the operator attempted the lift, the retaining bolts at the foot of the crane mounting sheared and the crane toppled over. Which three of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in this situation?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Incompetence.; Negligence.; Lack of monitoring.
51

What are the three common reasons for lack of control?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

An inadequate system.; Inadequate standards.; Inadequate compliance with standards.
52

A Junior Engineer is injured during the replacement of a main engine cylinder liner. An investigator, examining the period immediately before the accident, may look for two distinct types of actions (referred to in this training program). What are they?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Omission.; Commission.
53

Which safety initiative, launched by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum in 1993, takes the form of a risk-assessment tool for charterers, ship operators, terminal operators and government bodies and includes verifying if an accident and incident investigation policy exists within a company?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The SIRE Programm.
54

Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “incident”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

An uncontrolled development in the course of an operation which has resulted in unintended harm or damage, or the potential for legal action, is not consistent with acceptable standards.
55

Which of the following best describes the form that the narrative section of an Incident Investigation Report should follow?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A simple, orderly description of the events leading up to the accident, incident or near miss, the circumstances of the accident, incident or near miss itself, the consequences and the post-incident actions, written in a neutral way, without opinion or judgement.
56

Which of the following factors may be seen as evidence of a failing loss control element in a system? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Too few system activities.; Irrelevant activities present.; Inaccurate and out-of-date activities.; Incomplete activities.; Improperly arranged activities.
57

What is it that starts the process of cause and effect and ultimately results in the “loss” evidenced in the incident?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Lack of control.
58

Inadequate compliance is normally identified by which two of the following circumstances?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Evidence that there was knowledge of a declared standard and that it was wilfully disregarded.; Evidence that there was inadequate knowledge or understanding of a standard which resulted in it not being observed.
59

Following an accident on board, there is an enquiry from a lawyer on the ship’s satellite telephone, whilst at anchor awaiting port entry. Who should the Duty Officer direct the call to?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The Master.
60

Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “accident”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

An unforeseen event that has resulted in unintended harm or damage.
61

Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Adverse publicity.; Loss of reputation.; Less chance of repeat business.; Low morale and poor attitude amongst the workforce.
62

What kind of culture do we say exists where people look no further than “human error”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

A blame culture.
63

Which of the following best explains the purpose of an investigation into an accident, incident or near miss on board ship?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The establishment of facts and the determination of corrective action, aimed at the prevention of a recurrence of the incident. It is not to determine the allocation of blame.
64

Which of the following may be categorized under inadequate tools?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Inadequate orientation or briefing.; Lack of experience.; Inadequate updating or refresher training.
65

Which of the following will usually be missing in a near-miss investigation?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Evidence of loss.
66

Which two of the following factors may be evidence of a failing loss control element in a Safety Management System?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

There are too few system activities.; Innacurate and out-of-date activities are observed.
67

An investigator is confronted by the results of an accident in which a stack of wire ropes has fallen over and crushed some boxed goods in a cargo hold. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The transfer of energy.
68

Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers:

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Personal injury.; Material damage.; Lost time.; Costs in putting things right.
69

Which maritime Code requires shipping companies to provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment, establish safeguards against all identified risks and to continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.
70

Which of the following is the definition of “circumstantial evidence”, as understood by this module?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Something that may reasonably be said to be relevant to an incident.
71

Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “near-miss”?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

An unintended or unwanted event, or uncontrolled development in the course of an operation, that almost resulted in unintended harm or damage, or potential for legal action, or is not consistent with acceptable standards.
72

The ship’s Safety Officer is conducting an on-board investigation into a minor incident involving a fall on a lifeboat access platform. A seaman who was working nearby at the time is being interviewed and is having difficulty in remembering some of the details. Which two techniques might the Safety Officer use to help him remember?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

He might talk through the incident with the seaman.; He might work through a list of potentially relevant items, asking the seaman to include or reject them.
73

Acts and practises identified in an incident are compared against a “standard”. What is that standard?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The applicable.
74

In the critical period, immediately before an accident happens, which two distinct types of actions can normally be observed from those directly involved?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Omission.; Commission.
75

When an accident is investigated, which of the following will be considered as its results or effects?

Правильну відповідь:

The loss experienced at the end of a sequence of events.

Ваша відповідь:

Breakage or damage to property or the environment, but not involving physical injury.
76

Basic causes are generally divided into which two of the following categories?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Personal factors.; Job factors.
77

As indicated in this training program, what is the most valuable outcome of an incident investigation?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The establishment of control to the extent that it prevents the repeat of a similar incident in the future.
78

An investigator arrives on board to conduct an inquiry into an incident involving some damaged containers, several of which have collapsed and fallen forward onto the back of the forecastle deck. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

The transfer of energy.
79

Which three of the following are common interview techniques, as explained in this program?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Question and answer.; Free recall.; Conversational approach.
80

Which three of the following areexamples of abnormal behaviour?

Ваша відповідь правильна:

Entering a ballast tank for which there is no gas-free test certificate.; Allowing a colleague to walk along a poorly-lit engine room alleyway, towards an area where the gratings have been lifted and no protective barriers have been erected, without issuing a warning.; Commercing the overhaul of a pump, without first checking that it has been properly isolated Operating a workshop lathe without using eye protection.
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