Тест по Hatch Cover Maintenance on the Bulk Carrier (CES v5.0)

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Правильные ответы:

In terms of the safety of a hatch cover, what are the appropriate considerations? Select all applicable answers:

Правильный ответ:

It must be able to be operated without endangering personnel up to the maximum angles of heel and trim which are specified.; It must be able to be fully secured in the open position and released without endangering.; All fittings used for routine or emergency operation must be of adequate strength.

Ваш ответ:

All fittings used for routine or emergency operation must be of adequate strength.; Wires and chains used for opening and closing must be tested monthly.

When replacing the straight pieces of a hatch seal, what is the recommended additional percentage to be allowed when cutting?

Правильный ответ:

3 %.

Ваш ответ:

None, it should be cut to the exact length required.

If a ship’s hatches have been properly maintained and closed securely and properly, but are found to have leaked in abnormally severe weather, which of the following may form evidence that may be submitted in defence of a cargo claim? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Work schedules.; Maintenance logs.; Work specifications.; Statements.

In order to be able to demonstrate “due diligence”, which of the following must there be a comprehensive record of?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Regular maintenance.; Inspections.; Repairs.; Testing.; All associated classification survey histories.

What is the name given to the restrained devices fitted to hatch covers to absorb longitudinal and athwart ships forces that will be experienced due to the motion of the ship when at sea?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Locators.

Which of the following are acknowledged challenges to the ship’s officers and crew, in terms of maintenance of their hatch covers and associated fittings? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

The prevailing weather, climate and operating environment.; Availability of crew for maintenance.; Restrictions on opening hatches imposed by the vessel being at sea.; Short turnaround time in port.; Pressure to reduce or control costs and delay expenditure.

Defective hatch covers are particularly associated with vessels of which of the following age brackets?

Ваш ответ правильный:

10-20 years.

When considering the security of a hatch cover arrangement, what measures must be incorporated in the design specification? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

There must be means fitted to prevent the hatch cover sliding longitudinally or athwart ships when at sea.; There must be means of keeping the hatch cover in contact with the coaming.; Cleats need to be resilient to allow for small horizontal and vertical coaming movements at sea.

What is “permanent set”?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The groove in the hatch seal face, resulting from the loss of elasticity.

What is the name given to the substitute arrangement frequently fitted to the drain pipe in place of a non-return valve?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Sock.

In additional to those items that would normally be covered at an annual survey, which of the following is checked at a 5-year special survey? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Water tightness, as established by a hose test or equivalent.; Thickness measurements of plate and structural stiffeners.

In an ultrasonic test, what is the severity of a leak referenced to?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The open-hatch reading.

Why might a chalk test be favoured over other forms of test in certain circumstances?

Правильный ответ:

If loading has already been completed and there are suspicions that a hose test could present a risk to that cargo.

Ваш ответ:

Because it delivers a more even measurement of the seal around the entire hatch coaming.

What is the class requirement for a hose test?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Nozzle of 15-18 mm in diameter, water pressure of about 2 bar, the jet of water aimed not more than 1 metre from, and directly at, every part of the sealing areas, moved at not more than 1 metre per 3 seconds, where the hatch covers are closed and cleated.

Which of the following are common patterns of cross-joint cleat? Select all applicable answers:

Правильный ответ:

Manual.; Screw.; Quick-acting.

Ваш ответ:

Manual.; Quick-acting.; Automatic.; Hydraulically-actuated.

Which of the following must there be a comprehensive record of, in order to be able to demonstrate “due diligence”?

Правильный ответ:

Regular maintenance.; Inspections.; Repairs.; All associated classification survey histories.

Ваш ответ:

Repairs.

Which of the following is the definition of “steel-to-steel geometry” as explained in this module?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The hatch cover is designed such that when it rests, with steel-to-steel contact between the side plate or the support pads and the coaming, the geometric relationship between the compression bar and the seal rubber is exactly right.

In respect of any repairs to hatch covers, with whom does the ultimate responsibility lie under the laws governing the carriage of goods by sea?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The ship-owner.

Which of the following are common patterns of peripheral cleat? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Manual.; Automatic.; Quick-acting.; Hydraulically-actuated.

A prime cause of early failure of hatch seals is over-compression caused by corrosion or breakdown of the steel-to-steel contact. Cleats are then frequently over-tightened in an attempt to compensate. But what types of failure does this action commonly result in? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Accelerated wear on the seal.; Fracture of the cleat assembly.

In a side-opening rack and pinion hatch cover arrangement, what is the function of the “pot lifts”?

Ваш ответ правильный:

To raise a short section of rail to bring the rolling wheels up to the running level.

What obligation is there on the ship-owner, in respect of the carriage of goods by sea?

Ваш ответ правильный:

To exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy.

What are the two main aspects to the maintenance of hatch covers in service, as identified in this program?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Anti-corrosion activities.; Routine maintenance of the system.

In terms of the sealing of a hatch cover, what are the design requirements? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

The seal must be resilient or elastic enough to make up for hull and coaming deformations.; The seal must be easily maintained.; The seal must be suitable for expected weather conditions.

The Hague-Visby Rules require the carrier to properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried. The “carefully-to-carry” clause includes which of the following requirements?

Ваш ответ правильный:

That the ship-owner and the master of the ship must understand the nature of the cargo carried and the extent of the precautions necessary to look after it.

You have just replaced the seal on number 2 hatch. What should you do now?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Measure the seal compression and record it.

Which of the following may be seen as arguments against using hatch sealing tape? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

It can lead to a false sense of security.; If the tape is applied over cross-joint drain holes, any water ingress due to partial loss of the tape is trapped in the cross-joint.; Complete sealing of the cross-joint is usually difficult because of the various cleats and other units across the joint.; The tape can cause deterioration and accelerated corrosion of the coating system at the cross-joint.

What controls the geometry of seal compression on hatch covers?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The steel-to-steel contact.

You are carrying out maintenance on number 3 hatch cover. The permanent set has reached half the design compression in places and there are signs of wear. You have cut out two metres of bad seal along the port side. What length of rubber will you actually cut to insert in its place?

Правильный ответ:

2,06 m.

Ваш ответ:

2,03 m.

Which of the following may be considered as key design elements of hatch design? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Strength.; Safety.

In order to understand the basic principle behind hatch cover design, how must the hatch be considered?

Ваш ответ правильный:

As a dynamic (mobile) object on the coaming.

Before attempting to open the hatch covers, what should happen to all cross-joint cleats and wedges?

Ваш ответ правильный:

They should be disengaged.

Which of the following may be considered as key design elements of hatch design? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Strength.; Security.; Sealing.; Support.

Where would you find information on routine maintenance, operation and safety issues related to hatch covers, including the greasing program for various components, notes on the care of wire ropes and fittings and details of the hydraulic system?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The operating and maintenance manual.

What is the unique different design feature in a side-rolling, chain-drive “piggy-back” hatch cover arrangement?

Ваш ответ правильный:

A dumb panel with no wheels is lifted by hydraulic lift cylinders fitted to the coaming, a rolling panel is moved underneath it and the dumb panel is lowered onto the rolling panel, which is then driven to one side as the hatch is opened.

In terms of strength, what kind of loads must a hatch cover be able to withstand? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Loads coming from inside the hatch covers, such as those due to sloshing water ballast.; Loads coming from outside the hatch, such as seawater over decks and hatches.; Loads coming from cargo loaded on top of hatch covers.

What is considered to be an acceptable reading in an ultrasonic test? As per the general industry standard quoted in this module.

Правильный ответ:

Any reading less than 10 % of the open-hatch reading.

Ваш ответ:

Any reading more than 1 % of the closed-hatch reading.

If it is assumed that the covers have been properly installed, which of the following lead to the majority of the problems of accelerated wear of hatch seals? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Unexpectedly large relative movement between hatch cover and coaming.; Large vertical deflections of hatch cover corners, due to solar heating of the top plating, or when cargo is loaded on top.

In terms of the sealing of a hatch cover, what are the design requirements? Select all applicable answers:

Правильный ответ:

Water must be kept out of the ships holds.; Cargo must be kept inside the holds.; Seal materials must be compatible with cargo carried.

Ваш ответ:

Seal materials must be compatible with cargo carried.

What will an inspection prior to discharge primarily establish?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Whether the measures taken in sealing the hatch after loading were successful.

How does a side-rolling, chain-drive “piggy-back” hatch cover work?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Which of the following age brackets are particularly associated with defective hatch covers?

Ваш ответ правильный:

10-20 years.

Who are best placed to continuously monitor the operational condition of hatch covers and sealing arrangements on board?

Ваш ответ правильный:

The ship’s officers and crew.

The annual survey of hatch covers is carried out in compliance with which of the following? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Class requirements.; The requirements of the authority assigning the load-line.

Who performs the statutory annual survey on the hatch covers?

Ваш ответ правильный:

A classification society surveyor.

Which of the following do industry statistics indicate as being the cause of a high proportion of reported cargo-worthiness defects?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Hatch covers, their seals and securing arrangements.

Why is a chalk test considered to have limited value in establishing the water tightness of a cargo hatch cover?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Because it gives no indication of the amount of seal compression that exists when the ship is actually underway in a seaway.

When considering the strength of a hatch cover, what kind of loads must it be able to withstand? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

If a ship’s hatches have been properly maintained and closed securely and properly, but are found to have leaked in abnormally severe weather, which of the following may form evidence that may be submitted in defence of a cargo claim? Select all applicable answers:

Правильный ответ:

Standing instructions.; Reports and other related correspondence.; Log book entries.; Photographs.

Ваш ответ:

Log book entries.

Which are the types of test commonly employed to determine the water tightness of hatches or other openings? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Chalk test.; Hose test.; Ultrasonic test.

Which of the following are among the critical hatch cover spares to be carried on board, as recommended in this program? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Cleats.; Seals.; Running wheels and bearings.

Which two areas have been specifically identified in this chapter as being vital to the safe and successful execution of the cargo handling process?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Good maintenance.; Proper operational procedures.

How is a chalk test carried out?

Правильный ответ:

Chalk is spread on the compression bar and the hatch is then closed; when it is re-opened, the seal is examined for the absence of chalk at any point, which indicates a lack of contact.

Ваш ответ:

Chalk is spread on the compression bar and the hatch is then closed; when it is re-opened, the seal is examined for the presence of chalk at any point, which indicates a lack of contact.

How should the use of hatch sealing tape and other sealants generally be viewed?

Ваш ответ правильный:

They must never be seen as an acceptable alternative to good and thorough maintenance or proper repairs.

Which of the following must there be a comprehensive record of, in order to be able to demonstrate “due diligence”?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Testing.; Repairs.

Which of the following is checked at an annual survey? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Evidence of any significant changes to the hatch cover system since the last survey.; The condition of seals, compression bars, tracks, cleats, stoppers and the panel structures.

What general rule does this program suggest designers of hatch covers, those who maintain them and those who operate them should direct their efforts towards?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Defending the thin line where the compression bar and the seal rubber meet.

Which of the following is a description of the purpose of locators?

Ваш ответ правильный:

To keep the seals and the hatch cover in the correct alignment with the compression bar and coaming, yet still provide enough clearance to avoid the hatch covers picking up main hull forces when the ship is moving at sea.

Under standard operating conditions and with proper handling, what might the expected life expectancy of a rubber hatch seal be (as quoted in this program)?

Правильный ответ:

4-5 years.

Ваш ответ:

6 months.

Which of the following is the definition of “weather tightness”, as given in this program?

Ваш ответ правильный:

That in any sea condition water will not penetrate into the ship.

If coaming movements are expected to be significant, what type of seal will the designer commonly consider fitting?

Ваш ответ правильный:

A sliding rubber seal.

Which of the following procedures should be followed immediately after replacing a hatch seal?

Правильный ответ:

The seal compression should be measured and recorded.

Ваш ответ:

The appearance of the new seal should be compared to that of the old seal.

In additional to ensuring that cleats are properly applied, which of the following are checks that would be made as the hatches were being secured after closure? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Cross-joint wedges all present and hammered home.; Cross-joint bolts (if fitted) are all be engaged and made tight.; On single-pull hatches, all of the eccentric wheels must be turned to the correct position to lower the hatch panels.; If hydraulic hook or wedge cleats are fitted, they must be checked for correct engagement.

In freezing conditions, what can be done to prevent the rubber hatch seal sticking to the compression bar during closing?

Ваш ответ правильный:

A non-organic grease or commercial glycerine should be spread on the compression bar prior to closure.

Article III, rule 1 of the Hague-Visby Rules requires the carrier to fulfil which of the following conditions? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Make the ship seaworthy.; Properly man, equip and supply the ship.; Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.

In a four-panel arrangement, the cylinders are operated once the cleats are all released, causing the first, or “leading” pair of panels to peak. At this time, what is happening to the second pair of panels?

Правильный ответ:

The wheels of the “trailing pair” roll up onto their trackways.

Ваш ответ:

The third panel is raised at 45° and the fourth is about to begin elevating.

Which of the following have the longer working life?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Galvanised cleats.

As quoted in this chapter, which of the features listed below, render all hatch covers potentially dangerous? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

They move quite quickly, very often with no audible or visible alarms to give warning of their movement.; They are manoeuvred by heavily-loaded wire arrangements, hydraulic cylinders or chains and often make use of gravity, particularly when closing.

After defective seals, what is one of the largest causes of serious cargo damage resulting from ingress of water, as highlighted in this module?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Blockage of the drain channels, non-return valves or socks by cargo residues.

Prior to closing hatch covers, which of the following should be standard safety checks? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Peripheral and cross-joint drain channels and the trackways are scraped and swept clear of any cargo residual.; The drain valve should be checked for clear drainage.; The canvas sock, if fitted, should be poked through to ensure it is clear.; The trackway should be checked as clear of any loose gear or other equipment.

If there has been water ingress on passage, how will this normally be seen?

Ваш ответ правильный:

It will usually follow the pattern of the cross-joint and coaming seals.

What type of hatch cover is frequently fitted with an indirect cross-joint cleating arrangement, where wedge-shaped battening devices attached to the covers engage in coaming sockets, causing the panels to be forced together as they are lowered onto the coaming?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Side-rolling covers.

Which of the following figure in the top ten reasons for cargo damage based on water damage, as listed in this chapter?

Правильный ответ:

Seal-rubber permanent set beyond the point of replacement.; Seal rubber torn, displaced or missing.; Poor quality or temporary seal “fixes”.; Wastage of steel support pads or coaming side plates.

Ваш ответ:

Poor quality or temporary seal “fixes”.; Wastage of steel support pads or coaming side plates.

Which of the following are suggested in this chapter as examples of relatively low cost preventative measures that may prevent expensive cargo claims? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Replacing defective rubber seals.; Repairing minor steelwork defects.; Cleaning down a coaming before closing the hatch covers.

What additional fixtures are found on lift-away (pontoon) covers?

Ваш ответ правильный:

Large locators, to absorb the forces caused by deformation of the coaming when the ship is working in a seaway.

What is the minimum length of any piece of rubber seal inserted during a repair, as recommended in this module?

Ваш ответ правильный:

500 mm.

You are to carry out some minor repairs to a hatch coaming. The vessel is at sea. Which of the following measures should be in place prior to commencing the work? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Ensure the covers are fully secured when open.; Ensure that safety fences are rigged to prevent falls into empty holds.

In determining when a hatch cover seal has reached the point when it needs to be replaced, what general “rule of thumb” is commonly applied?

Ваш ответ правильный:

When permanent set reaches half the design compression.

Which of the following, as highlighted in this module, are known to regularly block drainage channels and non-return valves? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Cargo residues.; Hatch sealing tape.; High-expansion foam.

In which of the following operational conditions would a solid rubber seal commonly be used? Select all applicable answers:

Ваш ответ правильный:

Where there are very heavy hatch covers.; Where the vessel trades in Arctic conditions.

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