Тест по Incident Investigation (CES v5.0)
Результаты прохождения теста
Тест состоял из 80 случайных вопросов.
Всего вопросов по данной теме: 84
Всего вопросов по данной теме: 84
Ваш результат: 86%
Правильные ответы:
1
When an accident occurs on board that may have an effect on the safety of the crew and on the environment, an investigator will afterwards examine the way the situation developed afterwards. In which two ways is it generally understood that a situation will go?
Ваш ответ правильный:
It may continue to deteriorate.; It may be recovered.2
The ship’s Safety Officer is conducting an on-board investigation into a minor incident involving a fall on a lifeboat access platform. A seaman who was working nearby at the time is being interviewed and is having difficulty in remembering some of the details. Which two techniques might the Safety Officer use to help him remember?
Ваш ответ правильный:
He might talk through the incident with the seaman.; He might work through a list of potentially relevant items, asking the seaman to include or reject them.3
Acts and practises identified in an incident are compared against a “standard”. What is that standard?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The applicable.4
What broad rule is often referred to by safety investigators when explaining the selective investigation of reported incidents?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The 80/20 rule.5
Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “near-miss”?
Ваш ответ правильный:
An unintended or unwanted event, or uncontrolled development in the course of an operation, that almost resulted in unintended harm or damage, or potential for legal action, or is not consistent with acceptable standards.6
If an officer is instructed to investigate an incident which involved a broken wire on a mooring winch and he is supporting his inquiry with photographs, how should he try to photograph the wire?
Ваш ответ правильный:
In place, still on the winch drum.7
Immediate causes are generally divided into which two of the following categories?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Substandard acts.; Substandard conditions.8
An investigator arrives on board to conduct an inquiry into an incident involving some damaged containers, several of which have collapsed and fallen forward onto the back of the forecastle deck. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The transfer of energy.9
The maximum safe working load of a crane has been exceeded. When the operator attempted the lift, the retaining bolts at the foot of the crane mounting sheared and the crane toppled over. Which three of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in this situation?
Правильный ответ:
Incompetence.; Negligence.; Lack of monitoring.Ваш ответ:
Incompetence.; Negligence.; Inadequate design.10
Which piece of international legislation directly resulted from the sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.11
What is it that starts the process of cause and effect and ultimately results in the “loss” evidenced in the incident?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Lack of control.12
Which of the following safety management objectives are required from a shipping company by the ISM Code? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
To provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment.; To establish safeguards against all identified risks.; To continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection.13
The study conducted by the North of England P&I Club used the example of a man and a ladder alongside the accident pyramid to further illustrate their conclusions. What relationship did this further suggest?
Правильный ответ:
That the severity of accidents depends on the degree of hazard.Ваш ответ:
That the severity of accidents and incidents bears no relation to the prevailing exposure to risk.14
Following an accident on board, there is an enquiry from a lawyer on the ship’s satellite telephone, whilst at anchor awaiting port entry. Who should the Duty Officer direct the call to?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The Master.15
Which two of the following are examples of abnormal behaviour?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Commencing the overhaul of a ballast valve, without first checking that it has been properly isolated and the appropriate warning notices put in place in the control room.; Operating a manifold crane on which no training and familiarization has been delivered.16
Which two of the following are examples of substandard conditions?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Congested or restricted work area.; Inadequate or defective warning systems.17
Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
Adverse publicity.; Loss of reputation.; Less chance of repeat business.; Low morale and poor attitude amongst the workforce.18
When presenting findings and recommendations in a report for on board use, which of the following will help to increase understanding and interest?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Avoid jargon and keep it simple.19
Which five of the following may be categorized under the general factor described as “lack of skill”?
Правильный ответ:
Inadequate foundation training.; Inadequate practise.; Infrequent performance.; Lack of coaching.; Inadequate competence management.Ваш ответ:
Inadequate foundation training.; Inadequate practise.; Infrequent performance.; Lack of coaching.; Inadequate competence management.; Inadequate knowledge of language.20
Which five of the following general categories are examples of contact controls?
Правильный ответ:
Substitution.; Reduction.; Barriers.; Modification.; Protection.Ваш ответ:
Substitution.; Reduction.; Barriers.; Modification.; Protection.; Formulation of policies and writing of procedures.21
An investigator is confronted by the results of an accident in which a stack of wire ropes has fallen over and crushed some boxed goods in a cargo hold. Which of the following will he initially seek to identify?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The transfer of energy.22
Which two of the following are examples of transfer of energy by contact?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Damage to spare parts in storage cabinet sustained when work bench broke loose in the electrician’s workshop during heavy weather.; Steward opens locker door and is hit by falling crockery as ship rolls.23
Which three of the following are examples of possible “hidden” costs resulting from an accident or incident?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Lost time.; Reduced capacity.; Increased insurance premiums.24
There has been an incident on board the vessel, with some casualties and pollution. A local newspaper reporter approaches the seaman on duty at the gangway and asks him to explain what happened. He offers the man 50 $ for his help. How should the seaman be trained to react to such an approach?
Ваш ответ правильный:
He should not enter into any discussion relating to the incident. He should refuse admission to the reporter.25
The Chief Officer has been appointed to investigate an incident in the engine room workshop. He is planning to interview a number of crewmembers. Which two of the following should he do, prior to commencing the interviews? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
Analyse the evidence already secured.; Identify evidence still to be secured.26
Which maritime Code requires shipping companies to provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment, establish safeguards against all identified risks and to continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The International Safety Management (ISM) Code.27
Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “incident”?
Ваш ответ правильный:
An uncontrolled development in the course of an operation which has resulted in unintended harm or damage, or the potential for legal action, is not consistent with acceptable standards.28
Which two of the following factors may be evidence of a failing loss control element in a Safety Management System?
Ваш ответ правильный:
There are too few system activities.; Innacurate and out-of-date activities are observed.29
Which of the following is the definition of “circumstantial evidence”, as understood by this module?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Something that may reasonably be said to be relevant to an incident.30
Following an accident, the situation may develop in one of two ways. Which are they?
Ваш ответ правильный:
It may continue to deteriorate.; It may be recovered.31
Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
Lost time.; Reduced capacity.; Drop in performance.; Increased premiums.32
Which of the following may be categorized under lack of knowledge?
Правильный ответ:
Inadequate orientation or briefing.; Lack of experience.; Inadequate updating or refresher training.Ваш ответ:
Inadequate orientation or briefing.; Inadequate updating or refresher training.33
If accidents are investigated and the information obtained is constructively fed back into the system, which of the following might reasonably be anticipated?
Ваш ответ правильный:
A reduction, or even elimination of such accidents in the future.34
In the critical period, immediately before an accident happens, which two distinct types of actions can normally be observed from those directly involved?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Omission.; Commission.35
Which of the following is the definition of “evidence”, as described in this training program?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Something that demonstrates proof.36
Safety investigators often investigate and analyse only a selective “percentage” of incidents and accidents. What percentage does this training module suggest is generally used?
Ваш ответ правильный:
20 %.37
Which of the following is the definition of an “impartial” witness, within the context of this program?
Ваш ответ правильный:
One who has no personal interest and nothing to gain, or lose.38
Within the context of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a “accident”?
Ваш ответ правильный:
An unforeseen event that has resulted in unintended harm or damage.39
Inadequate compliance is normally identified by which two of the following circumstances?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Evidence that there was knowledge of a declared standard and that it was wilfully disregarded.; Evidence that there was inadequate knowledge or understanding of a standard which resulted in it not being observed.40
If a chain is used to illustrate the sequence of events leading up to and surrounding an accident, at what point is the accident itself considered to take place?
Ваш ответ правильный:
At the weakest link.41
Which four of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Personal injury.; Material damage.; Lost time.; Adverse publicity.42
Identify the United Nations Convention and the major IMO Convention which require Flag States to investigate and report marine casualties and pollution incidents:
Правильный ответ:
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974.; MARPOL 1974.Ваш ответ:
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UCLOS).; The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974.43
Basic causes are generally divided into which two of the following categories?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Personal factors.; Job factors.44
What are the three common reasons for lack of control?
Ваш ответ правильный:
An inadequate system.; Inadequate standards.; Inadequate compliance with standards.45
What connection is there between the sinking of the s. s. “Titanic” in 1912 and a method commonly used to illustrate the relationship between reported and unreported accidents and incidents?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The “Titanic” was sunk when she struck an iceberg and an iceberg is commonly used to illustrate how the large numbers of unreported incidents go “unseen”.46
Which safety initiative, launched by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum in 1993, takes the form of a risk-assessment tool for charterers, ship operators, terminal operators and government bodies and includes verifying if an accident and incident investigation policy exists within a company?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The SIRE Programm.47
Which four of the following are amongst the “golden rules” of interviewing?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Don’t do all the talking.; Put the witness at ease.; Be patient.; Remain impartial.48
An accident is frequently caused by contact with which two of the following?
Правильный ответ:
A source of energy.; A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned.Ваш ответ:
A source of energy.; A material within the threshold limit of the body concerned.49
A Junior Engineer is injured during the replacement of a main engine cylinder liner. An investigator, examining the period immediately before the accident, may look for two distinct types of actions (referred to in this training program). What are they?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Omission.; Commission.50
Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-misses? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
Personal injury.; Material damage.; Lost time.; Costs in putting things right.51
As indicated in this training program, what is the most valuable outcome of an incident investigation?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The establishment of control to the extent that it prevents the repeat of a similar incident in the future.52
What principal factor may indicate that safety studies such as those discussed in this chapter are not necessarily representative of true life?
Ваш ответ правильный:
They are based only on those accidents and incidents which are reported.53
Which three of the following are examples of post-contact controls?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Emergency evacuation plans.; First Aid.; Search and Rescue operations.54
Which three of the following may be said to be the results of good control measures?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The effects of energy transfer may be prevented, altered or absorbed.; Harm may be minimized.; Damage may be eliminated or minimized.55
When an accident is investigated, which of the following will be considered as its results or effects?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The loss experienced at the end of a sequence of events.56
Which three of the following areexamples of abnormal behaviour?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Entering a ballast tank for which there is no gas-free test certificate.; Allowing a colleague to walk along a poorly-lit engine room alleyway, towards an area where the gratings have been lifted and no protective barriers have been erected, without issuing a warning.; Commercing the overhaul of a pump, without first checking that it has been properly isolated Operating a workshop lathe without using eye protection.57
Which three of the following are common interview techniques, as explained in this program?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Question and answer.; Free recall.; Conversational approach.58
Which of the following best explains the purpose of an investigation into an accident, incident or near miss on board ship?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The establishment of facts and the determination of corrective action, aimed at the prevention of a recurrence of the incident. It is not to determine the allocation of blame.59
Which of the following are examples of “hidden” costs? Select all applicable answers:
Правильный ответ:
Recovery costs.; Reduced profits.; Loss of future business.; Lost time.Ваш ответ:
Reduced profits.; Loss of future business.; Lost time.60
Which four of the following are examples of substandard practises?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Operating equipment without authority.; Overriding or bypassing safety devices.; Operating at an improper or unsafe speed.; Failure to use personal protective equipment.61
When we refer to a “blame culture”, what kind of culture do we consider typically exists?
Ваш ответ правильный:
One, where people look no further than “human error”.62
Which two of the following will commonly be amongst an investigator’s aims when planning a series of interviews as part of the inquiry procedure?
Ваш ответ правильный:
To establish and confirm the sequence of events.; To understand how the witness was involved in the incident.63
The following describe entries found in a ship’s logbook. Which three may be an indication that the entries have been added or changed at a later stage?
Правильный ответ:
A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical sequence.; “Liquid paper” (Tipex) has been used.; An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time.Ваш ответ:
A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical sequence.; “Liquid paper” (Tipex) has been used.; An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time.; An entry found to have been made by a Junior Officer.64
Which two of the following are examples of substandard practises?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Overriding or bypassing safety devices.; Failure to use personal protective equipment.65
Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers:
Правильный ответ:
Negligence.; Lack of monitoring.; Lack of communication.; Ongoing management failure.Ваш ответ:
Negligence.; Lack of monitoring.; Lack of communication.66
Which three of the following are examples of transfer of energy by contact?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Crane hook striking seafarer on the back of the head.; Seafarer falling down companionway ladder and landing on deck below.; Steward entering walk-in refrigerator in rough weather, hit by swinging door.67
If control is assessed as inadequate, which two of the following factors may be representative of inadequate performance standards?
Ваш ответ правильный:
They are not specific enough.; They are assessed as not high or demanding enough.68
In respect of incident investigation, complacency, incompetence, negligence, recklessness and lack of communication are all examples of what?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Fallability.69
Which of the following best describes the form that the narrative section of an Incident Investigation Report should follow?
Ваш ответ правильный:
A simple, orderly description of the events leading up to the accident, incident or near miss, the circumstances of the accident, incident or near miss itself, the consequences and the post-incident actions, written in a neutral way, without opinion or judgement.70
In relation to the accident timeline, there are commonly three periods of opportunity to apply or increase control. Which of the following are they?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Pre-contact.; Contact.; Post-contact.71
As described in this training program, an accident is generally caused by contact with which two of the following?
Ваш ответ правильный:
A source of energy.; A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned.72
Which three of the following are examples of “latent factors” that may be found to contribute to an accident?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Design.; Incorrect installation.; Faulty maintenance.73
Which four of the following are examples of automatically recorded data?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Alarm logs.; Engine movement print-outs.; Course recorded charts.; Online ullage report.74
Which three of the following may be an indication that entries in an engine-room log-book have been added, or amended, at a later stage?
Ваш ответ правильный:
An entry between others in a different handwriting style.; An entry between others using a different pen.; An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time.75
If accidents are not investigated and the causes addressed, which of the following might reasonably be expected to happen in the future?
Ваш ответ правильный:
Further similar accidents, incidents and near-misses will occur.76
Which of the following may be considered as evidence of “fallibility” in a situation that may have led to an accident? Select all applicable answers:
Ваш ответ правильный:
Complacency.; Incompetence.; Recklessness.; Negligence.77
Which of the following factors may be seen as evidence of a failing loss control element in a system? Select all applicable answers:
Правильный ответ:
Too few system activities.; Irrelevant activities present.; Inaccurate and out-of-date activities.; Incomplete activities.; Improperly arranged activities.Ваш ответ:
Too few system activities.; Inaccurate and out-of-date activities.; Incomplete activities.; Improperly arranged activities.78
Which incident is credited with first bringing about a major focus on what is called the “human element” in marine disasters?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The sinking of the “Herald of Free Enterprise”.79
For the purposes of communications relating to an incident, who is the nominated representative of the Owner of the vessel?
Ваш ответ правильный:
The Master.80