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What immediate actions should the Officer of the Watch take when the ship goes aground on an uncharted shoal in the middle of the ocean?
Stop engines and immediately request “Full Astern”.
Stop engines and tell the engine room to switch over to high suctions.
Stop engines and call the Master.
Sound the General Alarm and plot the ships position.
When making a new pilot ladder onboard the ship, which of the following ropes would be best suited as the side ropes on which the steps are fastened?
How can an ARPA assist the ship to steer a suitable course to make good the entrance to a channel?
Acquire the buoy at the entrance to the channel and on relative vector display alter course to make the vector of the buoy pass directly through the centre of the screen.
Select True ground stabilised vectors and make the vectors from both buoys at the entrance to the channel pass either side of the centre of the screen.
Select ground stabilised true motion display and alter course so that own ships true vector passes through the middle of the entrance to the channel.
Select Relative motion display and make Own Ship vector pass through the middle of the entrance to the channel.
What are the main components causing the magnetic compass to require a regular evaluation and compass correction?
The change in the position of the magnetic pole causing annual changes in the variation.
The continual changes of courses steered by the ship.
Permanent and induced magnetism in the ships structure.
What would be considered the most favourable heading of a ship when launching a lifeboat?
The ship should steer about 100° of the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launched on the leeside.
The ship should steer with the prevailing weather and sea on the beam and the boat to be launch on the leeside.
The ship should steer about 30° off the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launch on the leeside.
The ship should lie stopped in the water with the weather on the opposite side to the boat to be launched.
Which type of vessel suffers from the greatest squat effects?
Vessel with a low Block Coefficient.
Vessel with a small length to beam ratio.
Vessel with a high Block Coefficient.
Vessel with a large length to beam ratio.
What corrections must be applied to the echo sounder reading to compare the depth of water with the depth printed on the chart?
The distance between the pulse Transmitter and Receiver.
Allowance for the ships speed.
After passage planning with ECDIS, how should the route be checked for safety?
Using the ECDIS route and geometry checker only.
Using the ECDIS route checker and by visually sighting all along it.
Transfer the ECDIS plan onto paper charts.
Investigate the displayed waypoint list after it is printed out.
What are the two parts of the magnetic compass error?
Permanent and induced magnetism.
The latitude and longitude.
The Second Officer, when on watch on the bridge, is often referred to as the OOW. What does OOW actually stand for?
On official watchkeeping.
The ship is drifting in the open sea with a temporary engine breakdown. The ship is equipped with GPS navigation equipment. What should the bridge Officer of the Watch do in this situation?
All of the possible answers.
Keep a good lookout for other ships.
Display the “Not under Command” signal and switch off the normal steaming lights.
Plot the direction and rate of drift and predict the ships position for the period while the ship is “Not Under Command”.
What is the two letter signal, to be used by flags, radiotelephony or radiotelegraphy, meaning “Calling All Ships”.
A balanced rudder has some of the rudder area forward of the rudder axis. About how much area should this be to call it a balanced rudder?
What are the main advantages to the Navstar, Glonas and Galileo satellite navigation systems?
These satellite systems give world-wide coverage 24 hours a day.
Satellite navigation systems also give information about weather and wave conditions.
If a vessel uses any one of them, there is no need to practice other forms of navigation.
They are all made specifically for ships and marine operations.
What is the direction of wind associated with an anticyclone (area of high pressure) in the Northern Hemisphere?
Clockwise around the high pressure.
Anticlockwise around the high pressure.
Straight towards the centre of the anticyclone.
Directly away from the centre of the anticyclone towards the nearest low pressure.
How can the effects of Squat be minimized, when a ship is proceeding in shallow water?
Maintain a speed of about 6 knots and use minimal rudder when manoeuvring.
Enter the shallow water with a stern trim and proceed at a moderate speed.
Decrease the speed and keep this ship to the centre of the channel where the water is probably deepest.
Maintain a slow speed just sufficient to maintain steerage.
When should gangway nets be rigged?
When it is deemed necessary by the Master of the Chief Officer.
Whenever the gangway is rigged.
Between sunset and sunrise.
Whenever the gangway is regarded as unsafe.
When using the echo sounder in a river the soundings indicated may be incorrect, what would be the most probable cause of the error?
There should be no error with a properly working echo sounder.
The strength of the tide and current in the river.
The density of the water.
During an STS operation with one ship at anchor, should an anchor watch be maintained?
Anchor watch responsibility rests with the discharging vessel which would be the vessel which is anchored.
Both ships have normal anchor watch responsibility in addition to watching ship to ship fendering, mooring etc.
Anchor watches are not kept as the duty officers will be on deck conducting the cargo operations.
Anchor watch responsibility rests with the vessel which has its anchor down and the ship to ship connections is the responsibility of the other vessel.
What is the purpose of a sea anchor?
To keep the lifeboat in a position close to the vessel.
To adjust the drifting speed of the lifeboat.
To give a better signals to any aircraft searching for survivors.
To keep the lifeboat steady against the sea/wind.
What does this signal hoist mean?
I require medical assistance.
Do you require assistance?
I require immediate assistance.
If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 100 metres, will manoeuvring and warning signals, as defined by rule 34 of the International regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, be given on one or both whistles?
They shall be given on both whistles simultaneously.
Manoeuvring signals will be given only on the forward whistle; warning signals will be given on both whistles simultaneously.
They shall first be given on the forward whistle, followed by the after whistle, with a 5 second interval in between.
They shall be given on one whistle only.
When fastening synthetic fibre ropes such as polypropylene on bitts, for safety and better rope control it is recommended to:
Make it fast with round turns on the leading bitt alone, fig. 1.
Make it fast in a figure of eight fashion, fig. 3.
Make two round turns fast on the leading bitt and then figure of eight on both bitts, fig. 4.
Make it fast on the second bitt alone, fig. 2.
When a ship is lying at anchor in a tidal area using both forward anchors, to what particular aspect should the officer of the watch be paying special attention?
When the ship swings to the tide the direction of swing should be controlled to avoid the anchor cables becoming wrapped round each other.
The tension on both cables should be similar, to avoid one dragging and all the weight of the ship remaining on the other anchor only.
The ship will become controlled by the tide and the wind will not be allowed to have any effect on the direction the ship lies at anchor.
The two anchors will restrict the ships swing with the tide and the ship may not lie to the prevailing current and wind.
Why should Ground Stabilised True Motion display mode be avoided when using the ARPA for anti-collision purposes?
The Relative Motion display and relative vectors is the only display to use for anti-collision purposes.
True motion does not provide the collision risk of other ships.
The true vector can never give an indication of collision risk with another ship.
The collision regulations are based on ship courses through the water.
Can the OOW be the sole lookout?
Only if the ARPA radar is set onto Auto Acquisition with an audio alarm sounding when a ship is detected.
When the visibility is good and the ship is in the middle of the ocean where there is very little shipping.
Never should the Officer of the Watch be the only lookout.
During daylight when visibility and traffic allows.
What does this flag mean?
My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water.
I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.
I wish to communicate with you.
According to rule 12 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions, in the situation illustrated, which sailing vessel (A or B) must keep out of the way of the other?
Sailing vessel A must out of the way of sailing vessel B.
Both sailing vessels are required to take avoiding action.
Sailing vessel B must out of the way of sailing vessel A.
The upwind sailing vessel must keep out of the way of the downwind sailing vessel.
Two mooring lines are pretensioned equally and have the same length, same breaking strength and same directional load. However, one is made of wire (with a full load elastic elongation of about 1,5 % of its length) and the other made of nylon (with a full load elongation of about 30 % of its length). If a gust of wind increases the load on the lines, how will it be shared?
The wire and rope will share the load equally.
Wire takes 45 % of the extra load. Rope takes 55 % of the extra load.
Wire takes 55 % of the extra load. Rope takes 45 % of the extra load.
Wire takes 95 % of the extra load. Rope takes 5 % of the extra load..
You are proceeding up a river, with berths on both banks. You see this flag hoist on a vessel moored on a berth ahead. What does it mean?
I am about to depart the berth.
Caution! I have an anchor down.
You should proceed at slow speed when passing me.
The ship’s engine is going astern and the ship is piking up sternway. The rudder is amidships and the ship has a single, right-handed, fixed pitch propeller. What would be expected to happen?
The ship will probably start to change heading to starboard and stern speed will increase.
The ship will probably start to change heading to port and stern speed will increase.
The ship will move astern at an increasing speed and the stern start to swing off to starboard.
The ship will probably go straight astern without a change in heading and the stern speed will increase.
You are in open water and clear conditions. You are approaching the pilot station when you hear this signal from a vessel ahead of you. What does it signify?
That the vessel is altering his course to starboard.
That the vessel is operating astern propulsion.
That the vessel is picking up his pilot.
That the vessel is starting his engine and resuming his passage.
Two ships are meeting in a restricted channel as illustrated. Which of the following actions would be the most suitable to take on both vessels as they approach and pass each other?
Maintain speed and a straight course on the starboard side of the channel.
Keep as far as possible on the starboard side of the channel and maintain speed to retain effective steerage.
Increase speed slightly to pass each other as quickly as possible and thereby reduce the effects of “ship to ship” interaction.
Slow down if possible without losing steerage and be prepared for prompt application of rudder to counteract any swing as they approach and pass each other.
The ship is required to be stopped in the water as quickly as possible, but without major changes to the ship’s heading. What is the most effective method to achieve this?
Put the engine full astern and keep the rudder amidships.
The use of the rudder hard over both sides combined with reducing engine power, a method known as “high frequency rudder cycling”.
Make a complete turn while reducing the engine power.
Make a zig zag manoeuvre while reducing the engine power.
You are on a power-driven vessel underway in open water. You sight these lights on the port bow, on a steady bearing. The distance is closing. What are you looking at and what action will you take in compliance with the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea.
This is a power-driven vessel engaged in towing, less than 50 metres in length, length of tow under 200 metres and the tow, both being restricted in their ability to manoeuvre, seen from the starboard side. Under rule 18, I am required to keep clear and will take appropriate avoiding action.
This is a power-driven vessel, more than 50 metres in length or less than 50 metres in length and showing a second masthead light, restricted in her ability to manoeuvre. The sidelight of a second vessel can be seen beyond her. Under rule 18, I am obliged to keep clear of the first vessel and will therefore take appropriate avoiding action.
This is a power-driven vessel engaged in towing, more than 50 metres in length or less than 50 metres in length and showing a second masthead light, length of tow 200 metres or more, not under command. I will keep clear under rule 27.
In the diagram, the amount of water under the keel is indicated by the letter “C”. Which bridge instrument would measure this value?
The IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases are recommended to be used when the ship’s Officer is verbally talking to whom?
When talking between ship and shore personnel.
In circumstances described in all of the answers provided.
When giving orders on board with other seafarers.
When talking on the VHF between ships.
What are the limits of a passage or voyage plan?
It is dependant on the voyage and if there are any river or canal transits.
From Full Away On Passage (FAOP) to End Of Passage (EOP).
When navigating using the GPS, how does the GPS display indicate when the accuracy of the displayed position is reduced?
A large HDOP value is displayed on the screen.
A large “Correction Factor” number is displayed on the screen.
The GPS display flashes and sounds an alarm.
The GPS display is always very accurate and does not give any indication of lack of accuracy.
A ship is being overtaken by another ship while proceeding along a river. What should be the required procedure?
The overtaking vessel should request permission to overtake from the Port Control VTS.
The overtaking vessel can overtake but must allow sufficient space to reduce the interaction between the two vessels.
The overtaking vessel should request permission from the other ship by sounding two prolonged blasts followed by two short blasts on the whistle or by direct VHF contact.
There should be no overtaking in these confined waters.
What corrections must be applied to the echo sounder reading to compare the depth of water with the depth printed on the chart?
Allowance for the ships speed.
The distance between the pulse Transmitter and Receiver.
What are we seeing here?
A sailing vessel of less than 10 metres in length, displaying the mandatory combined lantern in lieu of sailing lights, seen head-on.
A sailing vessel, seen from astern, where the edges of her sidelights are both visible.
A sailing vessel less than 20 metres in length, displaying the optional combined lantern in lieu of standard sailing lights, seen head-on.
A sailing vessel, at anchor.
What is the two letter signal, to be used by flags, radiotelephony or radiotelegraphy, meaning “Calling All Ships”?
Who is responsible for the number and the position of any tugs to be used during a mooring operation?
The Master, with consideration of the advice of the pilot.
The Pilot is fully responsible for the number and use of tugs within the port area.
It will be only the wind speed that will determine the required number of tugs and how they are used.
The Port Authority will dictate the tug requirements and their use within the port limits.
Why should Ground Stabilised True Motion display mode be avoided when using the ARPA for anti-collision purposes?
The collision regulations are based on ship courses through the water.
The true vector can never give an indication of collision risk with another ship.
True motion does not provide the collision risk of other ships.
The Relative Motion display and relative vectors is the only display to use for anti-collision purposes.
What are the additional duties required by the Officer of the Watch when navigating in fog?
Sound fog signal, effective radar watch reporting ship movements to Master and keep a good lookout for ships and fog signals.
All of the suggested answers.
Sound fog signal, plot positions and keep a good lookout.
When navigating in fog the Master will take over the watch and the Officer of the Watch should follow all of his instructions.
You are on a power-driven vessel underway in open water. This vessel is sighted directly ahead. The distance is closing slowly. What action will you take under the International Collision Regulations and why?
I will keep out of her way. I am the overtaking vessel and am obliged to keep clear under rule 13.
I will maintain my course and speed. The other vessel is being overtaken and is therefore obliged to keep out of the way by rule 13.
The vessel is on a steady bearing and the distance is closing. I will therefore take avoiding action, altering course to starboard and sounding one short blast under rules 14 and 16.
What is the depth of an iceberg below the surface of the sea?
The depth of an iceberg below the surface is always about one sixth of its total depth.
The draught of an iceberg is about the same as the visible part of the iceberg above the water.
The draught of an iceberg varies with the type of berg and its age.
The draught of an iceberg is normally about 3/4 of its total depth.
What methods could be introduced into a passage plan for continuous monitoring of the ships position when navigating along a coastline?
Conspicuous headlands and navigational marks for taking positions.
The radar ranges of the coastline at all course alteration points.
All of the suggested answers.
You are in an area of restricted visibility, close to a port. You hear this signal. What vessel does it come from and what additional information does the signal provide?
A vessel at anchor, less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal top give warning of her position.
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates that her cable extends at least 25 metres from her bow.
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal to give warning of her position.
A vessel aground, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates which side the clear water lies on.
This vessel is sighted ahead and slightly to port. What is her situation? What will you do?
This is a vessel engaged in fishing vessel, with her nets fast on a obstruction. I will keep out of the way by rule 18 of the International Collision Regulations.
This vessel is aground. I will navigate with extreme caution given the nature of the hazard.
This is a vessel not under command at anchor.
This is a vessel aground. She appears to have been headed to starboard of my track and I will therefore alter course to port, passing under her stern.
What can be used to reduce the effect of the state of sea-water?
What is happening here?
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional voluntary signals for shooting nets.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional volutary signals for hauling nets.
This is a vessel engaged in towing a disabled tow, restricted in its ability to manoeuvre, with a searchlight used to highlight the location of the tow.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing, using purse-seine gear. The searchlights are simply working lights.
What actions should be taken by the Officer of the Watch if the ship’s steering system totally fails?
Request the engine room to check the steering system.
All of the suggested answers.
Display the NUC signal and stop the engine(s).
Call the Master and advise them of the situation.
A tug is moving towards the bow of the ship to make fast and is in the vicinity of the ship’s shoulder, as illustrated. What specific danger should be considered when making this approach to the bow?
The positive pressure field at the ships bow may repel the tug and make the connection very difficult to establish.
The tug may be turned across the bow of the ship and also suffer a lose of stability with a danger of being turned over if touched by the ship.
The stern of the tug may be sucked in towards the bow and also suffer a reduction in the positive GM, making it very unstable.
All of the alternative answers.
What is the weather associated with being in the centre of an Anticyclone (a region of High Pressure)?
Strong winds and heavy rain.
Light winds and fair weather, sometimes fog.
Persistent rain and very humid weather.
Strong winds but with very little rain.
You are proceeding along a narrow channel and approaching a bend, on the inside shore of which is a large hill, which obsures your view further up channel. What sound signal will you make to indicate your presence to any vessel that is behind the obstructing hill?
What, by definition in the International Collision Regulations, is a “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre”?
A vessel which because of her draught in relation to the available depth of navigable water is restricted in her ability to deviate from her course and keep out of the way of another vessel.
A vessel engaged in underwater work, such as the laying, picking up or servicing of a pipeline, or which is in support of diving operations, performing dredging and mine-clearance or is deploying or recovering a pilot.
A vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by the Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to manoeuvre as required by the Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.
You are proceeding along a coastal route when you hear this signal. The visibility is severely restricted. What does the signal mean?
There is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning signal to approaching vessels, directing them to “keep clear”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels to “navigate with extreme caution”.
There is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
Which of the following precautions should be taken when work is to be carried out on the radar scanner unit on the mast?
Only the electrical fuses forthe radar undergoing repairs needs to be removed, allowing the ship to retain a workable radar.
A “Not to be used” sign on all radars and fuses for the complete radar systems to be removed.
Only the electrical fuses for the scanner motor needs to be removed.
A sign needs to be attached to all the radars warning the bridge officers of repairs and the fact the radars are “Not to be used”.
What is “AIR DRAUGHT”, in the figure?
Air draught is indicated by A, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by D, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by C, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by B, in the figure.
Which statement best describes how land moves, if at all, on an ECDIS set in North-up, relative motion mode?
This is a feature only seen on radar displays.
The land is always in the middle of the screen.
Land on the chart screen moves relative to the ship symbol.
Land is stopped with the vessel symbol moving across the sea floor.
A ship normally turns (swings) around a point which is not the centre of gravity. What is this point normally called?
What are the immediate duties of the bridge Officer of the Watch when the ship suddenly runs into a fog bank?
Commence sounding the fog signal, engines on standby, call the Master and lookout, if not already on duty.
Commence sounding the fog signal and reduce speed to Slow Ahead.
Commence sounding the fog signal and call the Master and wait for him to arrive before taking any further actions.
Commence sounding the fog signal and if the radar indicates no echoes in the vicinity, proceed at the normal speed until ships are detected on the radar or until the fog lifts.
Which approved publication should be used by a seafarer to help overcome any misunderstanding in communications?
Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.
The Oxford Concise Dictionary.
The (ISC) Bridge Procedures Guide.
The (IMO) Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) booklet.
What is the advantages of a GPS satellite system compared to other navigational aids?
The GPS system gives information about position, speed and time continuously world wide.
The GPS system gives information about weather and wave conditions in the area.
The GPS system has a built-in group of six radio-beacons called a Decca chain.
The GPS system is based on hyperbola navigation.
The positions of the ship provided by the GPS receiver should always be verified by other means. Which of the following suggested methods would be the most accurate?
Bearing and distance from a navigational buoy.
Radar bearings of three distinctive shore objects.
Radar ranges of three distinctive shore objects.
A DR updated position from the last reliable one.
What is the purpose of a sea anchor deployed from a lifeboat?
To hold the lifeboat in position with other survival craft.
To keep the lifeboat’s heading against the wind and sea and reduce drift.
To keep the lifeboat in a position close to the vessel.
To give a better signal to any aircraft searching for survivors.
Which of the four calculations illustrated is the correct one to determine the latitude of the observer when the sun is on the meridian?
Calculation 3 is correct.
Calculation 2 is correct.
Calculation 1 is correct.
Calculation 4 is correct.
What is the colour and characteristic of a “towing light”, as defined in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea?
Yellow, fixed, seen over an arc of 135° and so arranged as to display 67,5° from right aft on each side of the vessel.
Amber, all-round, flashing, where it can best be seen.
One of two all-round amber, alternate flashing lights, displayed where they can best be seen.
White, fixed, displayed as an additional light on the foremast over an arc of 225°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on each side of the vessel.
What is important to check when transferring a position from the GPS output to a paper chart?
Any necessary corrections are applied to convert between the GPS datum and the chart datum.
Ensure that the chart has been corrected up to date.
Ensure that the GPS is setup on the same datum as the chart.
It is important to ensure that the GPS is setup on 2 dimensional and not 3 dimensional position fixes.
Two ships travelling in opposite directions are to pass each other in a narrow river, as illustrated. Explain what is likely to happen as they pass each other?
Due to interaction, the bows will attract each other as they approach, then they will repel each other alongside and as they pass clear, the sterns will be attracted.
Due to interaction, the bows will repel each other, and then when alongside each other the two ships will be sucked together and finally the sterns will be repelled as they start to pass clear.
There will be very little effect between the two ships as they pass.
As they approach, rudder should be applied quickly to avoid sheering into the path of each other. Then as they are alongside they will be attracted and finally repel each other as they pass clear.
What is the correct understanding of the term “Block Coefficient” as applied to a ship?
The restriction of a valve in a pipe to the flow of fluid through that pipe.
The coefficient of a Block and Tackle.
The comparison of the underwater shape of the ship, to a rectangular block of the same extreme dimensions.
The ratio of the water plane shape of the ship to a rectangle of the same extreme dimensions.
You are approaching the port entrance. What do these lights mean?
Vessels may proceed – one-way traffic.
Vessels may proceed – two-way traffic.
A vessel may proceed only when she has received specific orders to do so.
A vessel may proceed only when she has received specific orders to do so, except that vessels which can safely navigate outside the main channel need not comply with this message.
The ship is navigating in dense fog where the visibility is less than one mile. The Arpa radar is set on a range 12 miles on a course of 314° and own ship has a vector as shown. What is the vector mode selected on the Arpa?
Relative vectors, ground stabilised.
Relative vectors, sea stabilised.
A ship is equipped with a right-handed fixed pitch propeller, which when going from Full Ahead to Full Astern will make the ship sheer to starboard. Can anything be done to reduce this change in heading?
The rudder should be kept amidships when going astern and there is little that can be done to reduce the swing to starboard.
The rudder can be put from side to side in a “Rudder Cycling” movement.
The rudder can be put to Hard to Port to reduce the water from to the right side of the propeller.
The rudder should be put Hard to Port to reduce the water flow to the left side of the propeller.
What letter is represented by this flag and what is it’s meaning when displayed by a vessel in port?
P – All persons should report on board as the vessel is about to proceed to sea.
S – I am operating astern propulsion.
W – All persons should report onboard as the vessel is about to proceed to sea.
Which of the following figures drawn on the plane of the Meridian is correct for an observer in position Latitude 30° 00′ North; Longitude 15° 00′ West, when observing the sun on the meridian, if the sun’s Declination is 15° 00′ South?
Who is ultimately responsible for the voyage plan?
The Officer of the Watch (OOW) on duty.
The Second Officer as the official Navigation officer.
The ship owner will provide overall parameters within which the ship must follow.
What is the depth of an iceberg below the surface of the sea?
The draught of an iceberg is normally about 3/4 of its total depth.
The draught of an iceberg varies with the type of berg and its age.
The depth of an iceberg below the surface is always about one sixth of its total depth.
The draught of an iceberg is about the same as the visible part of the iceberg above the water.