Головна Онлайн-тести CES Oil tanker MASTER / Ch-Officer Test online CES 5.1 for MASTER / Ch-Officer, Oil tanker vessel

Онлайн-тестування: Test online CES 5.1 for MASTER / Ch-Officer, Oil tanker vessel

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Питання 1 з 90

Welding and use of open flames on board tankers in operation are subject to regulation laid down by the Norwegian Maritime Directorate (Norwegian Ship Control Legislation - NSCL). Which of the listed requirements regarding washing and gas freeing before hot work in cargo tanks corresponds to these regulations? (NSCL 22/1294/6).

During loading and discharging of liquified gases and cargo with a flashpoint below 60° C, the use of open flames in machinery and boiler spaces must not take place.

For ships provided with inert gas system minor welding work may be permitted.

No welding or hot work on board ships carrying cargo with flashpoint below 60° C must take place in the tank area before the cargo has been discharged and gas freeing carried out.

The ventilation system shall have a capacity of at least two changes of air per hour for work in enclosed spaces.

In addition to cargo & machinery spaces, which other spaces, if any, have to be fitted with an approved fixed fire fighting system on General Cargo ships?

Paint store

Rope store

No additional fixed systems are required.

Focsle store

A drip tray containing oil is on fire. The only fire fighting equipment available is water hose with spray jet/spray nozzle. How, if at all, should you attempt to put out this fire using water?

The water can be applied in a fine spray starting from the front in a sweeping motion.

Water should be applied to the oil in a single jet only.

Water should not be used on any type of oil fire.

Water should be applied in a jet to the back of the fire.

"A" Class divisions in ships are constructed so that they are capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of a standard fire test held for how many minutes?

60 minutes

30 minutes.

45 minutes.

15 minutes

The category of a DSC-call determines is:

how the rest of the call is to be composed

Don't know

the degree of priority

for whom the message is destined

What data is at least requested in a DSC “distress alert” ?

the identification of the vessel in distress and her position

Don't know

the identification of the vessel in distress and the number of people on board

the identification of the vessel in distress, her position and the nature of distress

On board they want to have a dial-phone call via Inmarsat with the Apollogracht. In the guides the following ID’s are found for the Apollogracht:344320000, 424432010, 424432020, 1300210, 36715. What ID should be chosen:

424432010

424432020

1300210

Don't know

In addition to personal equipment a fireman's outfit also comprise breathing apparatus and a fireproof lifeline. How many complete sets of fireman's outfit is to be carried by all ships? (SOLAS II-2/17.3)

At least four sets

At least three sets

At least one set

At least two sets

Where is the Safety Certificates for ships to be kept?

In the Captain's office

Posted up in a prominent place onboard the ship

In the Captain's safe

In the Owner's office

Give the meaning of the following symbol

Halon horn

Water monitor gun

CO2 horn

Sprinkler horn

In the situation illustrated, what should be the power distribution of the tugs to maintain the ship sideways motion with only minor changes in the ship's heading?

Considerably more power on the aft tug than the forward tug, while monitoring the ship's gyro heading

Equal power on both tugs while monitoring the ship's gyro heading

Full power on the forward tug and the after tug ceases to push, but continuously monitor the ship's gyro heading

Considerably more power on the forward tug than the after tug, while monitoring the ship's gyro heading

The ship is at anchorage. What is important to rise forward in daylight?

A special anchor flag

The company flag

Nothing in particular

Anchor ball

What is the first function of GMDSS?

Transmission and reception of on scene communication

Reception of shore to ship distress alerts

Transmission of ship to shore alerts

Transmission and reception of signals for locating

The number of oscillations of a wave per seconds is called :

Period

Frequency

Wavelength

Pulse length

Which class of emission is used for VHF DSC transmissions ?

F3E

G3E

F1B

H3E

Define the class of emission H3E :

Radiotelephony - Phase modulation

Radiotelex and DSC - Frequency shift keying of sub-carrier with error correction

Radiotelex and DSC - Phase modulation

Radiotelephony - Single sideband full carrier

Which frequency is used for MF DSC distress calls

6312 khz

6215 khz

2187,5 khz

2174,5 khz

*How much lifeboat capacity should be provided on a conventional cargo ship of more than 85 meters in length ?

125% of the ship-s complement on each side

150% of the ship-s complement on each side

100% of the ship-s complement on each side

50% of the ship-s complement on each side

A ship in distress should transmit the appropriate alarm signal followed by the distress call and message on one or all of the international distress frequencies. Which of frequencies is in accordance with the present recommendations?

550 kHz, 2182 kHz and 121.5 MHz

500 kHz, 2182 kHz and 156.8 MHz

550 kHz, 2367 kHz and 121.5 MHz

500 kHz, 2367 kHz and 243 MHz

*Which of the following fittings shall be provided to all lifeboats:

a tiller permanently linked to the rudder or removable if the lifeboat has a remote steering mechanism

permanent boarding arrangements on both sides to enable persons in the water to board the lifeboat

an electric power starting system for the propulsion engine with one rechargeable energy source

a remotely operated steering arrangement

Which item among those below is included in the normal equipment of every lifeboat ?

one copy of the prescribed life-saving signals

one immersion suit for each person

sea-charts and navigating equipment

a VHF transceiverb

What is the meaning of this symbol ?

Release gripes

Rescue boat

Release falls

Lower rescue boat to water

*Which one of the listed requirements regarding abandon ship drills corresponds to present SOLAS regulation?

On ships on short international voyages, each lifeboat shall be launched and manoeuvred in the water at least every six months

All lifeboats shall be lowered during drills

Drills shall be conducted when the ship is in a harbour

Each lifeboat shall be launched, and manoeuvred in the water with its assigned crew at least once every three months during an abandon ship drill

The abbreviation "NPSH" is often seen in connection with the efficiency of cargo pumps on oil tankers. What does this abbreviation stand for?

Necessary Pumping Suction Hazard.

Natural Pumping Standard Height.

Nominal Pressure Suction Head.

Net Pressure Suction Head.

When a container is damaged en route, who should be asked to attend on board at the next port?

A surveyor representing the vessel’s P. & I. Club

A surveyor representing the vessel’s hull & machinery underwriters

The classification society surveyor

A surveyor representing the consignee

The engine turns over normally when starting air is supplied but does not fire even though normal starting rpm is achieved. What could be the probable cause to this?

The lubricating oil temperature is low.

The turning gear interlock has operated.

The turbocharger has not run up to normal full speed.

Air in the fuel oil system.

An air compressor is being refitted in the engine room. The compressor and motor are coupled using a flexible coupling and are mounted on a common 'skid' which fixed to the deck with resilient mountings. Which of the statements, from the options given, relating to the alignment of the motor and compressor is true?

As long as the two coupling halves are at the same height the flexible coupling will accommodate any horizontal misalignment or difference in the gap between the coupling faces.

Shims should be fitted between the motor and compressor feet and the skid to ensure correct vertical, horizontal and parallel alignment of the coupling halves before it is bolted up.

The compressor and motor can just be placed directly on the common skid as they will probably be closely aligned anyway.

Machines using flexible couplings and resilient mountings do not need to be aligned. That is why they have flexible and resilient elements fitted.

Fluctuation of high temperatures in a boiler furnace can lead to refractory lining failure in which the surface of the firebrick breaks away in layers. What is the term used to describe this type of failure.for this?

Spalling

Slipping

Shrinking

Slagging

The inert gas system shall be capable of delivering inert gas to the cargo tanks at a specified percentage in relation to the cargo discharge rate. What is that percentage?

Equal to the cargo discharge capacity.

At least 135% of the maximum discharge capacity.

At least 150% of the maximum discharge capacity.

At least 125% of the maximum discharge capacity.

What should be done if cracks are found on portable deck supports?

Disallow vehicles from passing over the portable deck

Inform the master

Inform the stevedoring foreman

Stop cargo operations and inform the master

What could result from carrying coal with a high sulphur content on a Bulk Carrier?

Evolution of methane gases

Spontaneous combustion

A possible shift of cargo

Corrosion of steelwork in the cargo holds if the cargo becomes wet

What are the main elements in a damage control plan?

A damage control plan is the same as an emergency plan

Arrangements for correction of list due to flooding within 15 minutes

Boundaries of the watertight compartments for decks and holds. Position of controls for opening and closing of watertight compartments. Arrangement for correction of list due to flooding.

Instructions and procedures for reporting damage to the Company

What requires close attention during portable car deck inspections?

Safety markings

Load density markings

Abrasions over the decks' surfaces

Signs of cracks in way of deck supports

Before leaving the machinery spaces of a UMS vessel whose engine room is protected by a fixed CO2 installation, should the duty engineer:

Ensure all doors are in closed position.

Lock all of the entry exit doors to prevent entry by unauthorised personnel.

Hook the main entry/exit doors in the open position to speed up entry in the event of an alarm.

Leave the doors in whatever position they are in.

What might safely be used to prevent a load swinging when lifted by a crane?

Personnel underneath the load, holding onto it and restricting its movement.

Guide or tag lines, tended from a safe location.

A cargo net.

Short, jerky movements on the ship's controls.

What does MARVS mean on a cargo tank?

Maximum Allowed Relive Valve Setting.

Minimum Allowed Relive Valve Setting.

Maximum Recovery System.

Maximum ROB of Vapour.

On a RoRo vessel, what are sea sloshing forces proportional to?

The overall breadth of deck cargoes

The maximum breadth of under-deck cargoes

The maximum height of under-deck cargoes

The overall height of deck cargoes

Frostbite is one of the main hazards that personnel must be aware of when working on liquefied gas carriers. Which of the given options is the recommended first aid treatment for a person with frostbite injuries to the hand?

Rub victim's hands vigorously to warm them up quickly.

Place victim's hands in hot water to warm them up quickly.

Place victim's hands on the surface of a heater to warm them up.

Place victim's hands in a bowl of lukewarm water to gradually warm them up.

When carrying high sulphur coal which areas of a cargo hold are prone to corrosion?

Steelwork with which dry cargo is in contact

Air and sounding pipes passing through the hold

Steelwork with which wet cargo is in contact

All steelwork

What are the effects of a bulk vessel loading a high density cargo resulting in a large metacentric height (GM)?

Suffer torsional stresses and have small righting levers

Have a slow roll and very small righting levers

Have a fast roll period and possibly suffer racking stresses

Have a slow roll and large righting levers

A hazard is is a source of potential harm or damage or a situation with potential for harm or damage. Risk is determined based on evaluation of two elements. Which two elements?

The likelihood that a hazard may occur and the consequences of the hazardous event

The likelihood that a hazard may occur and the financial consequences for the Company

The likelihood that a hazard may occur and the available personal protective equipment we have onboard

The consequences of the hazardous event and the available personal protective equipment we have onboard

" On area A1 the function "" Transmission and reception of signals for locating "" is mainly based on:"

the use of SART transponders

the use of INMARSAT Epirbs

the use of SARSAT COSPAS Epirbs

the use of VHF DSC

During the anchoring procedure, what would the Chief Officer understand by the following request from the bridge, "Which way is it leading"?

The Master is requesting the Chief Officer to inform the bridge of whether he can determine which way the ship is moving in the water.

The Master is asking the Chief Officer whether the ship needs to be moved forward and take the weight off the anchor cable.

The bridge would like to know the direction of the anchor cable from the hawse pipe.

The Master is asking the Chief Officer whether the vessel is dragging anchor

Why does MARPOL require debottoming of tanks prior to COW?

To prevent electrostatic generation

In order not to mix crude and water

To prevent corrosion in COW machines and COW piping

To prevent corrosion of tanks

You are carrying a bulk cargo of Phosphoric Acid. Which components of the cargo pumps may be damaged as a result of discharging this particular cargo and why?

The cargo seals may be damaged from the abbrasive effect of any sediment.

The valves in the associated piping may be distorted by pressure surges created by cavitation as the acid is discharged.

The outer casing may be corroded by the unstable impurities within the acid.

The impeller veins may be damaged as a result of the relatively high density of the cargo if the pumps are run at too high a speed.

Although not a requirement of the IMDG Code, on a container vessel, why would carrying Calcium Hypochlorite under refrigeration be a benefit?

To maintain a continuous air flow through the cargo.

To prevent the cargo temperature increasing into the danger zone.

To ensure the cargo is shipped in a clean container.

To maintain a record of the temperature of the cargo.

What effect will a low operating temperature of the boiler feed water system have on the condition of the feed water supplied to a high pressure boiler?

It will cause the amount of chlorides in the feed water to increase.

It will cause the amount of dissolved oxygen in the feed water to increase.

It will cause the amount of total dissolved solids in the feed water to increase.

It will cause the pH value of the feed water to increase.

What is the result of a large metacentric height?

The center of gravity will move upwards.

The ship will have a long roll period.

Bending moment will increase.

The ship will roll violently.

What is the most important factor in the master's ability to make good decisions in an emergency?

Input from company personnel

Planning of emergency procedures

Feedback from the crew

Following safety regulations

What is the difference between the protection supervisor's and the protection and environment committee's area of activity?

The supervisor's duties relate to the ratings, the commitee's to all seafarers

The commitee is supervised by the protection supervisor

The supervisor's field is the work situation, the commitee's the total environment, also spare time

No difference

What are the limitations of Cargo Securing Manuals?

They are developed whilst ships are still under construction and may therefore be unsuitable under certain operational conditions

They are not always approved by a classification society

Some Cargo Securing Manuals cover a full range of sister ships

Cargo securing arrangements in the manuals may be unsuitable for heavy weather conditions

What is the purpose of an automatic trip system onboard, and how does this function?

Automatic trip is to avoid tanks being cooled too much, the trip function is often initialised by a float switch or a temperature switch.

Automatic trip is to avoid vacuum to be generated in cargo tanks.

Automatic trip is to avoid over pressurising in cargo tanks and other pressurised vessels, the trip function is often initialised by a float switch.

Automatic trip is to avoid tanks and pressurised vessels becoming overloaded, the trip function is often initialised by a float switch.

During loading of bananas the fruit should be visually inspected frequently to check the quality and for any indications as to its physiological development. Which one of the options given would indicate that the fruit is in suitable condition for shipment?

The bananas are green with a yellow hue. They are not really hard and do not break cleanly.

The bananas are green in colour with patches on the shoulder from the effects of sunshine and have relatively sharp ridges along the length. They can be snapped with sap clinging to the broken parts.

The bananas are yellow with small black spots on the skin. They cannot be snapped but the skin can be peeled off.

The bananas have a uniform green colour with relatively sharp ridges along the length. They can be snapped or broken with sap clinging between the broken parts.

What is the correct range for the pH-value for the water in an oil fired steam boiler?

Below 4,5

7 - 9

4,5 - 7.

9 - 11.

What determines the size of the "sump" in a chemical tanker's cargo tank?

It must be below 1/3000th of the total volume of the tank.

The foot of the pump must fit inside it with a minimum of 20 cm clearance all round from the pump casing.

When combined with the estimated residues on the bulkheads and in the associated pipelines, the quantity of residues remaining in the sump must be below the maximum quantity remaining after discharge as permitted by law.

The flow of residues into the sump must be greater than or equal to the pumping capacity of the pump when operated at stripping speed (calculated as 12% of nominal speed against 3 bar head pressure), with not more than 1.5 degrees adverse list or 0.1 degree trim.

When there is doubt about the freshness of the atmosphere in enclosed or confined spaces, what action should be taken?

Open doors and manholes

Arrangements should be made for testing of the atmosphere to ensure maintenance of 21% oxygen of the space

Ro-ro decks are always ventilated in advance of an operation

Supply filter masks to all crew working on ro-ro deck

What should be done with the data logger printouts after completing the discharge of a refrigerated cargo?

They should be retained onboard for a minimum of 2 years.

They should be handed over to the cargo receiver.

They should be retained onboard indefinitely.

They can be discarded once the discharge is completed.

If an enclosed space needs to be entered, what is the first thing that must be done?

A responsible person must be appointed

The chief officer must be asked for permission to enter the space

A full Risk Assessment must be caried out

Two crew members must be asked to stand-by outside the space

On the figure there are four (4) possible definitions of the term "AFT" shown. Which one is the correct one?

Aft is defined as B on the figure

Aft is defined as D on the figure

Aft is defined as C on the figure

Aft is defined as A on the figure

What is the boiling temperature of methane at atmospheric pressure?

-43 C.

-162 C.

-152 C.

-172 C.

What will happen if you overload the plate in a microwave?

Standing time will need to be doubled.

You will need to double, or even treble, cooking times and accept that the outer parts of the food will be overcooked.

Cooking will be uneven and there will be "cold spots" in the food.

The oven will not work in automatic mode.

In terms of an oil tanker fitted with two slop tanks, how are they commonly referred to?

Slop tank (cycle A) and slop tank (cycle B)

Slop tank (settling) and slop tank (decanting)

Primary slop tank and secondary slop tank

Nominal slop tank and back-up slop tank

By what means can we monitor and control the integrity of the hull?

Documented operating procedures

The chief officer is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the hull and superstructure at all times

Let experienced personnel close and secure doors and ramps

Automatic detection systems, television surveillance and patrolling of ro-ro cargo spaces

You are at anchor and another chemical tanker is alongside to receive several parcels from your vessel. As you are not alongside, or actually in port, do you have to observe any of the usual precautions on deck?

No, when outside port limits, there are no requirements to observe any precautions.

No, the other ship is the receiving vessel, so the responsibility lies completely with her crew.

It is only necessary to observe precautions on deck if the agent or any other personnel from shore are on board.

Yes, there is no difference to a transfer operation whether it is alongside or with another ship at anchor.

With regard to the characteristics of a mafi trailer what must be ensured prior to unfastening this unit on board a ro-ro vessel?

That the cargo details have been checked

That there is sufficient room for it to be driven away

That cargo on the trailer is not damaged

That after unfastening it will not move

What type of cargo tanks are normally used for the cargo containment system for fully pressurised and semi-pressurised liquefied gas carriers?

Independent Type A.

Membrane.

Independent Type C.

Independent Type B.

Many liquefied gas carriers are fitted with inert gas generators to supply inert gas to ensure the atmospheres of various onboard spaces are non-flammable. How is cargo vapour from these spaces prevented from back-flowing into the inert gas generator and creating an explosion risk?

The deck IG main is always manually blanked off when the IG system is not running.

There are at least two mechanical non-return devices fitted to the deck IG main.

There is always a deck water seal fitted to the IG main.

The pressure at the generator outlet is always greater than that of the IG main.

When ballasting double-bottom tanks with sea water on a bulk carrier, which of the following should be avoided?

Tanks not to be over flowed out of air pipes onto deck

Ballasting all tanks together including fore peak tank (FP) and after peak (AP) tank.

Tanks to be sounded regularly during ballasting

Tanks to be filled in order given in Chief Officer's ballast plan

With reference to diesel engine ancillary system operation, which one of the given statements is true?

The normal jacket water temperature before the jacket water cooler is approximately 80 to 90 C.

The normal temperature of the lubricating oil before the lub oil cooler is approximately 80 to 90 C.

The normal scavenge air temperature after the charge air cooler is approximately 80 to 90 C.

The normal temperature of heavy fuel oil after the fuel oil heater is approximately 80 to 90 C.

On a General Cargo Vessel, what must be ensured when using ship's cargo gear in hot climates?

That the cargo gear register in up to date

That stevedores handle cargo gear in the proper manner

That all cargo gear is appropriately marked

That grease from wire falls does not fall onto cargoes being loaded or discharged

What should be done immediately if during the voyage the temperature of bulk coal exceeds 55?C?

Seal the hold and cool its boundaries using seawater

Notify the harbour authorities at the port of destination

Seal the hold completely and monitor the cargo using suitable instruments

Notify the ship owner and/or charterer

Some of the cargoes carried onboard liquefied gas carriers are classed as saturated hydrocarbons. What are the features of the common saturated hydrocarbon cargoes (e.g. propane and butane) that are carried on these vessels?

As liquids they are colourless, odourless and are chemically non-reactive.

As liquids they are yellowish brown in colour, odourless and are chemically reactive.

As liquids they are yellowish brown in colour, with a sweet odour, and are chemically non-reactive.

As liquids they are colourless, with a sweet odour, and are chemically reactive.

What is the name by which the regulations which prevent and control pollution from ships are known?

The International Shipping Pollution Laws.

SOLAS

MARPOL

The ISP Code.

Which electronic component or system of components is this graphical symbol illustrating:

3-phase sine-wave generator

Bandpass filter

Transformer with ferromagnetic core

Electric heater

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) covers detailed regulations to prevent various sources of ship generated pollution. Annex I - VI deals with regulations for the prevention/ control of pollution from:

Proper Pollution Prevention Training

Oil, Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk, Harmful Substances in Packaged Form, Sewage, Garbage and Ballast Water

All Harmful Substances we have onboard

Harmful Substances in Packaged Form, Sewage, Air Pollution, Garbage, Oil and Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

What do you understand by the term “Risk Assessment”, and how would this be carried out on board?

States than when work has a degree of risk that the work is not carried out

Requires a great deal of preparation and involves recording everything on paper

Identify the hazards, quantify the risks, put control measures in place, monitor the work activity and review

Identify the hazards and specify the personal protective equipment that would be required to complete the work

A Ship Security Assessment is integral to the creation of your ship’s security plan.

FALSE

TRUE

What ingredient, made from durum wheat, is commonly used as an alternative to rice with north-African dishes?

Bulgar wheat.

Couscous.

Soya.

Semolina.

For what purpose might 'line displacement' or 'line pressing' be conducted prior to the discharge of cargo from an oil tanker?

To balance a rigid cargo arm.

To test the automatic shut-down arrangements in the shore line system.

The calibration of the ship's flow meter.

The verification of the shore line for calculation purposes.

What information is required on passengers prior to departure?

All persons on board shall be counted and details of persons who have declared a need for special care or assistance in emergency situations shall be recorded and communicated to the Master

The safety officer shall count the number of passengers

Details and number of persons who have declared a need for special care or assistance in emergency situations shall be recorded and communicated to the Master

It is sufficient to count the number of passengers prior to departure

Some IMDG Cargo is loaded on deck of a General Cargo vessel; what information must be available on the bridge after sailing?

There must be a risk assessment and cargo stowage plan

There must be a cargo plan and permit to work completed

There must be cargo plan, cargo manifest and emergency schedule information from IMDG Code

The IMDG Code must be available

The purpose of remotely controlled measuring of tank levels are to measure:

Height from bottom shell to top stringers in the tank

Height of liquid in the tank

Height from liquid surface to top stringers in the tank

Height of bottom girders in the tank

In which cases shall side scuttles in passenger ships be so constructed that they cannot be opened without the consent of the master of the ship?

Where the height of the side scuttles go through more than two decks

Where the sills of the side scuttles are below the margin line

Where the sills of the side scuttles are less than 500 mm above the deepest load line

Where the sills are mounted below the bulkhead deck

When tuning a cascade control system, where do you start

The slave controller with the master controller in manual mode

The master controller

The slave controller with the master controller in auto mode

Both at the same time

What is the mean of mean draught?

Forward mean draught + after mean draught divided by 2

6 (forward mean draught + after mean draught) divided by 8

Forward mean draught + after mean draught + midship mean draught divided by 2

Forward mean draught + after mean draught + midship mean draught divided by 6

Some fuel oil and lubricating oil separators have a facility to control the back pressure of the clean oil outlet. What is the purpose of this control function?

To help to maintain the oil/water interface at the correct position.

To control the amount of fuel passing through the separator.

To reduce the amount of sealing water required during operation.

To assist in discharging the bowl contents during the sludge cycle.

Which of the following answers most suitably cover the standard duties of the bridge Officer of the Watch when the ship is at anchorage?

Display the anchor signal, patrol the ship frequently and check the anchor chain for dragging

Display anchor signal, check the ships position and keep a good lookout

Display the anchor signal and ensure the ship swings the same way at each change of tide

Display anchor signals and keep a good lookout of other ships in the area

The "small diameter line" on a crude oil carrier goes from the pump room to ....

The slop tanks

The ship-s side, above the waterline

The drip-tray under the cargo manifold, port and starboard side

The shore-side of the cargo manifold valves, port and starboard side

When loading cargo, once it has been established that cargo is entering the correct tank and line integrity is OK, loading rates should be increased to:

As fast as the terminal can pump the cargo?

Strictly as per the Charter party maximum required rate?

A rate as per the loading Master decision?

Match the size and capacity of the ship's loading line, venting system and static generation hazard limitation, if any?

What is the purpose of introducing inert gas into each cargo tank.

To control the tank atmosphere by introducing the required inert gas.

Just to be used during tank washing.

Just to introduce inert gas.

To dump the cargo vapour.

Даний онлайн-тест складається з 90 випадкових питань із тестів CES 5.1 з обраної вами тематики.