Главная Онлайн-тесты CES Gas tanker Deck Support Онлайн-тест CES 5.1 для Deck department, Support level, Gas tanker vessel

Онлайн-тестирование: Онлайн-тест CES 5.1 для Deck department, Support level, Gas tanker vessel

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Вопрос 1 из 90

How is a radio-telex traffic list transmitted:

ARQ

SELFEC

FEC

Don't know

Where several rescue units are engaged in a search and rescue operation, one of will be designated as the On-Scene Commander (OSC). Which of the following descibes how this appointment will be made?

The role of OSC can only be taken by a naval ship with suitable command and control capability. In many regions, such vessels are permanently assigned on stand-by to assume such a role.

The first rescue unit to arrive at the scene will normally assume the role of OSC, until the unit appointed as OSC by the RCC is in a poisition to assume the role.

The OSC will initially be a controlling aircraft. Once a suitable vessel is on scene, the responsibility will be passed to them.

The OSC will always be designated by the appropriate Rescue Coordination Centre. No other vessel may assume the role at any time.

Considering the range of sensitive liquid chemicals which routinely require wall-wash prior to loading, what product is mainly used as the rinsing agent in wall-washing?

Water.

Iso-propanol.

Industrial Ethanol.

Methanol.

When carring a cargo in a tank which not requires any heating, what should be done with the heating coils prior loading ?

The should be blown completely dry by the use of air or nitrogen.

The coils should be blanked.

The should be blown completely dry by the use of air or nitrogen and then blanked.

The coils should be filled with water and blanked.

One of the following areas is NOT a Special Area as mentioned in MARPOL regulations regarding pollution by oil. Which is that area?

The Red Sea and The Gulf of Aden

The Gulf of Mexico

The Baltic Sea

The Mediterranean Sea

When using a buoy as an aid to navigation, which of the following should always be considered?

That if the light is showing its correct characteristic it is in its right position

The buoy may not be in its charted position

If no radio navigation warnings have been issued concerning the buoy it can be assumed to be in its correct position

The buoy is nearly always well anchored and can be considered to be in its charted position providing there has not been any recent storms in the area

You are transiting a narrow channel. What can happen in this situation?

The bow will be pushed away from the bank

The bow will be sucked towards the bank

The stern will be pushed away from the bank

None of the mentioned will happen

You are drifting in open sea with a loaded VLCC, and you observe that the drift is SSE. Will the drift direction be the same for ballast condition?

Yes, it will be the same

In ballast condition the drift will be more to the east

No, drifting in ballast condition may be quite different

Loaded or ballast conditions have no effect on the drift

Which electronic component does this graphical symbol represent?

Diode

Transistor

Silicon controlled rectifier

Tunnel diode

In the type of fluorescent lamp system shown in the illustration, the role of the starter is to perform which of the following?

To switch on current through the lamp, and to disconnect the ballast once the lamp has started..

To charge the ballast to a high inductive current, and then divert this current through the lamp.

To create a high starting current.

To pass current through the lamp heaters, and then interrupt the inductive striking current.

When you are taking an "ullage" on a cargo tank on an oil tanker, what are you actually doing?

Measuring the distance from the surface of the cargo to the ullage reference point

Measuring the distance from the bottom of the tank to the ullage reference point

Measuring the distance from the bottom of the tank to the surface of cargo

Measuring the distance from the surface of the cargo to the underside of the maindeck

Emergency instructions in appropriate languages shall be posted in passenger cabins. Which information shall as a minimum be included in the emergency instructions?

The method of donning life-jackets, escape routes and alarm signals

Name of cabin attendant

Escape routes and alarm signals

Where to find thermal protective aids

To conform with "best practise", can you drive a crane and stand-by for a colleague who has entered a cargo tank at the same time?

Yes.

Normally no, but if we are in a hurry to get lots of jobs done before entering port and the Chief Mate know about it, then it is alright to do so.

No.

Yes, if I have radio contact with the man inside the tank.

The engine turns over normally when starting air is supplied but does not fire even though normal starting rpm is achieved. What could be the probable cause to this?

The lubricating oil temperature is low.

The turning gear interlock has operated.

The turbocharger has not run up to normal full speed.

Air in the fuel oil system.

A number of substances are carried as cargoes on liquefied gas carriers. Of those given in the options, which is the most reactive, and therefore least compatible, with other liquefied gas cargoes?

Chlorine

Propane

Ethylene

Methane

Why are Chromate Based Cooling Water Treatments not allowed when the system is connected to a fresh water generator?

It increases the chloride level.

It could poison the fresh water if leakage occurs.

Chromate Based Cooling Water Treatments are not allowed in any cooling water system.

It reacts with metals used in the fresh water generator.

The speed of ship's generator is regulated by the governor. A 10% reduction in generator speed occurs due to a faulty governor. The likely consequence for all motors powered from this generator is to:

Increase motor speed by about 10%

Reduce motor volt drop by about 10%

Increase motor power by about 10%

Reduce motor speed by about 10%

Many marine steam boiler designs incorporate external "downcomers". What is the main purpose of these downcomers?

To provide extra support for furnace tubes.

To increase heating surface area.

To ensure adequate circulation in all boiler operating conditions.

To provide a flow path for the steam bubbles.

Having water vapour in an LNG carriers cargo tanks prior to loading cargo is unacceptable due to ice formation at low carriage temperatures. How can water vapour in the tank atmosphere be removed prior to the cooling down and loading operation?

By displacing the tank atmosphere with warm inert gas direct from a combustion type inert gas generator.

By displacing the tank atmosphere with heated air.

By displacing the tank atmosphere with pre-dried inert gas.

By displacing the tank atmosphere with fresh air.

When a ship is switching from ammonia to LPG virtually all traces of vapours must be removed. What is the allowable concentration of ammonia vapour in the tank prior to loading the next cargo?

Less than 20 parts per million.

Less than 5 parts per million.

Less than 50 parts per million.

Less than 100 parts per million.

On the bridge of a RoRo vessel, which of the following doors have no open/closed bridge indicator requirements?

Doors leading into the engine room

Hinged doors in watertight bulkheads

Shell doors and stern ramps

Sliding doors in watertight bulkheads

When discharging dirty ballast from an oil tanker at a high flow rate with main cargo pumps, the limiting factor on permitted overboard discharge is the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil. Which of the following formulae is used to calculate this rate?

Instantaneous rate of discharge (l/nm) = oil content (ppm) x flow rate (m3/h) / speed (knots) x 1,000

Instantaneous rate of discharge (l/nm) = oil content (ppm) x 1,000 / flow rate (l/h) x speed (knots)

Instantaneous rate of discharge (l/h) = oil content (ppm) x flow rate (l/h) / speed (knots) x 10,000

Instantaneous rate of discharge (ml/nm) = oil content (ml/nm) x flow rate (l/m) / speed (knots) x 100

The temperature of a refrigerated cargo is controlled by the temperature of the air being blown through the cargo hold which is often referred to as the DAT. What does the term DAT stand for?

Deviation Air Temperature.

Digital Air Temperature.

Delivered Atmosphere Temperature.

Delivery Air Temperature.

What are the main elements in a damage control plan?

Instructions and procedures for reporting damage to the Company

Boundaries of the watertight compartments for decks and holds. Position of controls for opening and closing of watertight compartments. Arrangement for correction of list due to flooding.

Arrangements for correction of list due to flooding within 15 minutes

A damage control plan is the same as an emergency plan

What is the IMSBC Code?

A Code of Practice for Security of the vessel

The Bulk Carrier Code

Code of practice for dangerous packaged goods

The International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargo Code published by IMO which must be carried by all bulk carriers

Some ships generate electrical power at 440 Volts, but then step up this voltage to supply specific electrical equipment. One common example, may be to feed a large bow thruster. Why is this done?

A large bow thruster will draw very large currents at low voltage. Being typically remote from the generator, significant voltage drops would occur at low voltage.

The shipyard could not purchase High Voltage generating plant at the time of manufacture, so they used what was available at the time.

Manufacturers can supply High Voltage bow thrusters at less cost, and the power factor is improved.

The overall ship's electrical load does not justify High Voltage generating plant. This method allows more power to be delivered to the bow thruster at low running cost.

An airway should be used when

The patient is breathing on his own but is doing so with great difficulty

The patient has stopped breathing

Patient has injury in the mouth

The patient is unconscious

Many large, slow speed diesel engines have direct oil cooling of the piston crowns provided. An automatic slow down and alarm are sometimes fitted to protect against failure of this system. Which parameter is usually used to initiate this slow down?

Low oil pressure in the piston crown cooling space.

Low flow or no flow in the cooling oil return line.

High temperature of the piston crown.

Low pressure in the cooling oil return line.

Emergency instructions in appropriate languages shall be posted in passenger cabins. What information shall as a minimum be included in the emergency instructions?

Name of cabin attendant

Escape routes and alarm signals

The method of donning life-jackets, escape routes and alarm signals

Where to find thermal protective aids

Which of the following detectors would you choose for measuring the torque of a steel shaft?

Pyrometer

Strain gauge

Ultrasonic gauge

Synchro

If the general alarm is sounding and evacuation of the ship is required. What is the best way to ensure that all passengers are aware of the situation?

Use Public Address system to inform the passengers. Inform all passengers to report to designated area for head count.

Crew with designated emergency duties should proceed to the muster station to count all passengers in his section. If somebody is missing, report to their superior.

Inform the passengers through Public Address system. Crew with designated emergency duties should proceed to their cabin section and search all cabins. Guide and evacuate passengers. If the area is inaccessible report to their superior or the bridge.

Alarm signal and Public Address system will be effectively, including head count at muster point.

What cooling medium is normally used to cool the condenser of a fresh water generator?

Brine

Seawater

Distillate (Freshwater)

Air

A sudden or gradual decrease in the pH-value, or an increase of the sulfate content, in the cooling water may indicate:

Leakages from seawater coolers

Leakages from L.O. coolers.

Exhaust leakage

High concentration of corrosion inhibitors

Polymerisation may be a problem with some liquefied gas cargoes such as vinyl chloride and ethylene oxide. What is the definition of polymerisation?

Polymerisation is when liquids cool down and become more viscous.

Polymerisation is when single molecules of the same compound join together to form a new compound usually with a higher viscosity.

Polymerisation is when the molecules of a compound split and form a new compound.

Polymerisation is when molecules of two or more different compounds join together to form a new compound.

What extra precautions should be taken by the officers and crew if some of the passengers are disabled, i.e. using wheelchair, cane, blind etc.?

Locate them in large cabins to ease their stay.

Passenger with some form for disability must travel with accompany, and live in same cabin or next door.

They must be placed in cabins on the same level as the muster station.

All passengers that will require extra assistance, also in case of an emergency situation/ evacuation, must be registered in order to allocate crew to assist them if needed.

What is normally meant by the term 'flammable range' in relation to liquefied gas cargoes carried at sea?

It is the maximum distance from a flammable mixture of the gas that an ignition source could be to still cause the mixture to ignite.

Range between the minimum and maximum concentrations of gas in air which form a flammable mixture.

It is the minimum distance from a burning mixture that other objects or personnel need to be to avoid being burnt.

It is the vertical height that the flames of the burning gas would reach in still air.

Why does MARPOL require debottoming of tanks prior to COW?

To prevent electrostatic generation

In order not to mix crude and water

To prevent corrosion in COW machines and COW piping

To prevent corrosion of tanks

What should you do in case of any fire breaks out?

Alert the bridge, Rescue human life, Extinguish if possible by use of available fire fighting-fighting appliances, Secure the area/ damage control

Call FIRE-FIRE-FIRE

Fight the fire and report to the bridge when you have extinguished it

Ask passengers to assist you with fire-fighting

Why is the inlet to the slop tank often directed towards the bulkhead (see the illustration) ?

None of the mentioned

To reduce the settling time

To avoid build-up of static electricity, which may cause explosion

To avoid too much agitation of the oily water in the tank

What kind of Crude Oils are required by MARPOL to be specifically listed in a tanker's Crude Oil Washing manual as unsuitable for cleaning by that method?

Those with highbenzene content.

Those with high basic sediment and water content.

Those with high pour point or viscosity.

Those on the IMO Oil Tanker Technical Committee COW banned list.

Methane/air mixtures in the range of 5.3 - 14% are flammable and have an auto ignition temperature of approximately 595 degrees C. What is meant by the term 'auto ignition temperature'?

It is the lowest temperature at which flammable gases are given off by the mixture.

It is the lowest temperature at which the mixture will ignite when a flame is applied to it.

It is the lowest temperature of the source of ignition required to ignite a flammable mixture.

It is the temperature at which the mixture will spontaneously ignite and continue to burn without an external source of ignition.

What should be on the deck immediately outside the door to a walk-in refrigerator?

Fire resistant natural fibre matting.

Easy wash plastic floor covering.

Non-slip matting.

An area marked with yellow diagonal lines.

Which of the following statements will direct a fire-fighting team to the source of fire?

Fire in the accommodation

Fire on deck

Fire in No. 3 cargo hold, port side, forward

Fire in the engine room

Which of the given options is the SIGTTO definition of the term 'span gas'?

A vapour sample of known composition and concentration used to calibrate gas detection equipment.

A gas, such as nitrogen, or a mixture of non-flammable gases.

Vapour removed from contact with its liquid and heated beyond its boiling temperature.

A phenomenon generated in a pipeline system when there is a change in the rate of flow of liquid in the line.

What is the main reson for keeping engine lubricating oil viscosity within recommended limits?

To neutralise any acids that may form.

It is not important

To ensure the strength of the oil film is sufficient to keep lubricated surfaces apart.

To reduce system pressure losses.

What is the main problem associated with oil in a steam boiler water system?

It causes the gauge glasses to become dirty preventing the oerator from seeing the water level..

It causes corrosion of steel in the boiler.

It forms an insulating film on heat transfer surfaces with the risk of overheating.

It increases scale deposits in the boiler.

When 3 phase alternators are operating in parallel, it is very important that the reactive load is evenly shared so that the total alternator loads are evenly shared. If the total alternator load is the vector sum of active and reactive loads, which side of the vector diagram (power traingle) shown represents the reactive load?

Either (X) or (Y)

None of the mentioned alternatives

(X)

(Y)

Which of the following cargoes would normally require surrounding empty cargo tanks, void spaces and ballast tanks to be inerted prior to loading and maintained in that condition while the cargo was on board?

Propylene Glycol.

Propionic Anhydride.

Propylbenzene.

Propylene Oxide.

What precautions must be taken prior to loading cement after carrying sugar?

No traces of sugar should remain in the cargo holds

The cargo holds must be inspected

Steelwork in the cargo holds must be protected by straw mats

Steelwork in the cargo holds must be protected by kraft paper

Some liquefied gas carriers are fitted with cascade type direct cooling plants to meet cargo vapour reliquefaction requirements. What is the cargo vapour normally condensed against in a cascade type cooling plant?

Fresh water.

A commercial refrigerant gas.

Sea water.

Butane.

How is the pressure in the cargo containment system of a conventional LNG carrier controlled during normal operation?

By using the boil-off gas as fuel for the ships propulsion plant.

The gas vapour is evacuated to the atmosphere via the vent-line.

By varying the MARVS.

The gas vapour is taken from the vapour header and passed through the demister and into the LD Compressor and evacuated to the atmosphere via the vent mast.

Indicate the correct name for the part marked on the sketch:

Crankshaft

Piston rod

Connecting rod

Push rod

What is a "bouquet garni"?

A type of cocktail.

A bunch or sachet of herbs used to add flavour during cooking.

A bunch of flowers to add a pleasant smell to the galley.

A French dressing, added to meat after serving.

What can be done to minimize the reduction of GM due to free surface?

Close all watertight doors.

Reduce the number of slack tanks.

Load liquids into only one tank at a time

Load fluids only into tanks with transverse subdivision bulkheads

On a RoRo vessel, what is important with regard to a loading ramp resting on a jetty?

The position of mats between the ramp flap and jetty must be maintained at all times

Visitors must not be allowed access to the vessel via the ramp

The ramp's position must be maintained

It must not foul the ship's mooring ropes

What will happen if you overload the plate in a microwave?

Standing time will need to be doubled.

You will need to double, or even treble, cooking times and accept that the outer parts of the food will be overcooked.

Cooking will be uneven and there will be "cold spots" in the food.

The oven will not work in automatic mode.

You are going to do deballasting of a double bottom tank. The pump is of centrifugal type and mounted above tank level. You are having problems getting the pump to take suction. What can you do to solve the problem?

Repeat start and stop of the pump until it gets suction.

Feed the pump from the sea water inlet pipe.

Get somebody to do the job for you.

Disconect the manometer pipe to get rid of an air pocket .

What will happen when the ship arrives in Rotterdam?

The anchor will be tested when the ship arrives in Rotterdam

The ship will receive fuel and diesel oil bunkers when it arrives in Rotterdam

The navigation lights will be tested when the ship arrives in Rotterdam

The main engine will be tested when the ship arrives in Rotterdam

After a couple of hours of operation the failure alarm sounds for a heavy fuel oil purifier which is operating on a timed automatic sludge cycle. Upon investigation the purifier is found to be running slowly and when opened up the casing and sludge outlet is heavily fouled with sludge in contact with the bowl. From the options given what is the most likely cause of this problem?

The heavy fuel is unstable leading to excessive high viscosity sludge formation.

The dirty oil throughput is excessive.

The purifier bowl has not closed properly.

The clutch for the drive shaft is worn and slipping.

How often shall abandon ship- and fire drills take place onboard ro-ro passenger vessels?

Monthly

Weekly

Bi-weekly

At least two abandon ship drills and one fire drill every month

You are receiving stores, including some cartons of frozen seafood. You spot a watermark around a particular carton. What might this be a sign of?

That the produce has been allowed to partially thaw at some stage during trans-shipment

That the carton has been previously used to transport another product

That the fish inside the carton are oily

That the carton has been standing in the open air and mositure has been absorbed into the packaging

What is the Chief Officer worried about?

The Chief Officer is worried that that oil will leak out before the ship is moored

The Chief Officer is worried that oil will run through the overboard valves, into the sea

The Chief Officer is worried that oil will be pumped into the sea

The Chief Officer is worried that that the cadet will not adjust the moorings properly

What are ‘Dangerous Goods’ within the context of containerisation?

Goods that are liable to explode

Substances, materials and articles covered by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code

Goods that are self-heating and liable to spontaneous combustion

Goods that are liable to cause damage to the ship

How can you best demonstrate in an audit that you follow company cargo handling procedures?

By providing a summary of out-turn figures for the auditor.

By requesting that an audit takes place during cargo operations.

By being able to provide comprehensive and verifiable documentary records of cargo operations.

By providing a summary of incident and lost time figures for the auditor that reflects a successful and trouble-free system on board.

On a container vessel, select from the list the most effective method of dealing with a fire in an under deck cargo space.

Boundary cool the cargo hold from the deck.

Deploy the fixed fire fighting system.

Tackle the fire locally with fire hoses.

Turn the vessel off the wind to reduce the relative wind strength.

What is the meaning of the expression 'dead-band'?

It will is not respond to adjustment of set-point

The controller will not react to a process change in this range

The controller will enter 'sleep mode'

It will take some time before the controller will react to a change

Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to preparing the cargo holds for receiving bagged cargoes?

Cargo holds should be free of infestation

Dunnage is not required

Cargo holds should be clean

Cargo holds should be free of cargo residues

Foodstuffs which have not been cooked or prepared in any way may be described as which of the following?

Core

Roar

Pure

Raw

What is mayonnaise made from?

Egg yolks, oil and lemon juice or vinegar.

Eggs and olive oil, beaten together.

Fromage Frais and lemon juice.

Egg whites, sunflower oil, balsamic vinegar and flour.

After the discharge of Lube Oils, Lube Oil Additives, Phthalates and Olefins and before the loading of "high-spec" cargoes on a chemical tanker, what particular test might be expected to produce unsatisfactory results during initial wall-wash analysis?

Odor.

Non-volatile matter.

Hydrocarbons.

Color.

What is understood by the term, "The Lee Side"?

Lee Side is the Port side of the vessel

Lee Side is the side that faces the wind

Lee Side is the side that faces away from the wind

Lee Side is the Starboard side of the vessel

In a single side skin bulk carrier of 155m in length constructed in 2000 and carrying cargo of density 1010 kg/cu.m., which cargo hold can withstand flooding?

The midships cargo hold

The aftermost cargo hold

Any cargo hold

The foremost cargo hold

When are ro-ro units most exposed to damage?

When being manoeuvred for stowage or breaking out of stowage

When turning corners

When being driven up or down the vessel’s internal ramps

When being driven up or down the loading ramp

On a conventional reefer vessel is possible to ventilate the cargo spaces with fresh air using fans and trunkings. One of the reasons for using fresh air ventilation is to control the relative humidity within the cargo space. Select the option which best completes the following statement. "It is beneficial to be able to control the relative humidity within the cargo space because fruit cargoes should be kept…

…relatively moist to avoid the cargo dehydrating during the passage."

… relatively dry to avoid the formation of fungus in the vent trunkings during the passage."

…relatively dry to avoid deterioration of the packaging during the passage."

... as dry as possible to avoid build up of mould during the passage."

What is important to wear for all officers and crew when working on the ro-ro deck during loading and discharging?

Rain coat

Gloves

Goggles and safety shoes

Fluorescent vest/ working clothes

The recognised definition of High Voltage equipment is anything that operates at over which of the following levels?

440Volts ac or dc.

1000Volts ac or 1500Volts dc.

1000Volts ac or 750Volts dc.

33,000Volts ac or dc.

Why is it important to recognize the language of the passengers?

Enables you to communicate with them during normal operation.

Enables you to inform all passengers about arrival time.

So that you are able to address all their needs.

Enables you to communicate with them during normal operation and in an emergency.

What information is required on passengers prior to departure?

All persons on board shall be counted and details of persons who have declared a need for special care or assistance in emergency situations shall be recorded and communicated to the Master

The safety officer shall count the number of passengers

Details and number of persons who have declared a need for special care or assistance in emergency situations shall be recorded and communicated to the Master

It is sufficient to count the number of passengers prior to departure

In installations of INTRINSICALLY SAFE equipment it is required that all cabling should be separated from non-intrinsically safe equipment, and (where colour coding is relied upon) to be of a special colour. What colour is that?

Orange

Green/yellow

Red

Blue

What should be done prior to loading cotton?

The cargo hold fire-fighting system should be thoroughly examined

Tank tops should be sheathed

The holds should be inspected for signs of previous cargo residues

The cargo hold ventilation system should be thoroughly examined

Which plan shows the position of the vertical and longitudinal centres of gravity for each cargo compartment?

Lines Drawing

General Arrangement plan

Capacity plan

Shell Expansion plan

Which of the following is false when a casualty is bleeding?

Encourage patient to lie quite and re-assure

Treat for the shock

Control bleeding

Cover the wound with a cloth

Are all independent tanks self-supported?

Non cargo tanks are self-supported

Only independent tank type C is self-supported

Only spherical tank and cylindrical tanks are self-supported

All independent tanks are self-supported

On a RoRo vessel, what must be ensured onboard the vessel prior to commencing cargo?

That all cargo is ready for loading

That the vessel has been cleared by immigration

Cargo hold ventilation systems are operational

What is common between a clover leaf and crinkle bar?

They are items of portable lashing equipment

They are parts of a loading ramp

They are tools used for tightening ro-ro lashings

They are items of fixed lashing equipment

LNG carriers often operate between two fixed ports. Why is there likely to be a significant difference in the amount of LNG onboard arriving at the discharge port compared to the amount onboard departing the loading port?

Part of the cargo is used as ship's fuel in the form of boil off gas.

Inefficient reliquefaction plant operation means only some of the vapours are recovered.

Normal leakage through the cargo containment system leads to loss of cargo.

The vapours are constantly vented to atmosphere.

"Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations , are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment". What is this a definition of?

A liquid cargo that is prohibited for carriage in vessels other than type 1 chemical tanker, as defined in the INC Code.

A category "Y" substance as identified in the revised MARPOL Annex II.

A category "X" substance as identified in the revised MARPOL Annex II.

An NLS as defined in ISGOTT revision V.

You are in charge of loading a crude oil cargo at a terminal which employs a Vapour Emission Control System (VECS). What should you do if the flow of gas to shore reaches the maximum declared capacity of the system?

Open the mast riser vents to relieve the excess pressure and bring the flow within the declared range.

Communicate with the terminal and request a controlled reduction in the loading rate until the flow again comes within range.

Reset the lifting pressure level on the Pressure / Vacuum valves to allow them to release more vapour to atmosphere.

Say nothing and hope nobody notices, so that loading is completed as soon as possible. .

When operating a steam boiler burner unit what is the best method for evaluating that the correct amount of excess air is being supplied to the furnace?

The colour of the flame in the furnace.

The reading from the flue gas oxygen analyser

The length of the flame in the furnace.

The colour of the exhaust leaving the uptake.

What is the meaning of this symbol ?