Der Test besteht aus 80 zufälligen Fragen.
Gesamtzahl der Fragen zu diesem Thema: 158
What special equipment can often provide assistance in locating a survival craft or man overboard and in the water?
A sectored search pattern.
The ship is required to be stopped in the water as quickly as possible, but without major changes to the ship’s heading. What is the most effective method to achieve this?
The use of the rudder hard over both sides combined with reducing engine power, a method known as “high frequency rudder cycling”.
Put the engine full astern and keep the rudder amidships.
Make a complete turn while reducing the engine power.
Make a zig zag manoeuvre while reducing the engine power.
You are in an area of restricted visibility and hear this signal. It is repeated at 2 minutes intervals. What does it indicate?
That there is another vessel nearby, that she is underway, but stopped and making no way through the water.
That there are two more vessels nearby.
That there is another vessel nearby, but that she is at anchor.
That there is another vessel in the vicinity and that she has just altered course to port.
What letter is represented by this flag and what is it’s meaning when displayed by a vessel in port?
P – All persons should report on board as the vessel is about to proceed to sea.
W – All persons should report onboard as the vessel is about to proceed to sea.
S – I am operating astern propulsion.
You are approaching the port entrance. What do these lights mean?
A vessel may proceed only when she has received specific orders to do so.
Vessels may proceed – one-way traffic.
A vessel may proceed only when she has received specific orders to do so, except that vessels which can safely navigate outside the main channel need not comply with this message.
Vessels may proceed – two-way traffic.
What could be the reason for the magnetic compass to swing through large angles when the ship is rolling in a seaway?
The heeling error magnets are upside down and/or not in the correct position.
The error due to deviation is large for that ships heading.
The Coefficient B determined by the Compass Corrector at the last dry-dock was not correctly calculated.
The induced magnetism from the earth’s magnetic field is very strong in that area.
This vessel is sighted ahead and slightly to port. What is her situation? What will you do?
This vessel is aground. I will navigate with extreme caution given the nature of the hazard.
This is a vessel engaged in fishing vessel, with her nets fast on a obstruction. I will keep out of the way by rule 18 of the International Collision Regulations.
This is a vessel aground. She appears to have been headed to starboard of my track and I will therefore alter course to port, passing under her stern.
This is a vessel not under command at anchor.
What are the two parts of the magnetic compass error?
The latitude and longitude.
Permanent and induced magnetism.
The ship is drifting in the open sea with a temporary engine breakdown. The ship is equipped with GPS navigation equipment. What should the bridge Officer of the Watch do in this situation?
All of the possible answers.
Display the “Not under Command” signal and switch off the normal steaming lights.
Plot the direction and rate of drift and predict the ships position for the period while the ship is “Not Under Command”.
Keep a good lookout for other ships.
You are in an area of restricted visibility, close to a port. You hear this signal. What vessel does it come from and what additional information does the signal provide?
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal to give warning of her position.
A vessel at anchor, less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding the additional signal top give warning of her position.
A vessel at anchor, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates that her cable extends at least 25 metres from her bow.
A vessel aground, more than 100 metres in length. The additional signal indicates which side the clear water lies on.
Visual signals are used by aircraft in search and rescue operations to direct ships towards a casualty. The signals shown here are part of a sequence. What does it indicate?
The assistance of your vessel is no longer required.
The aircraft is directing a vessel towards the casualty.
The aircraft is short on fuel and is returning to base.
The casualty is sighted and will require medical assistance.
You are on a sailing vessel, underway in open water. This vessel is sighted on the starboard bow, on a steady bearing and the distance is closing. By the International Regulations for the Preventing Collisions at Sea, what action will you follow?
By Rule 18, a power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of a sailing vessel. I will maintain my course and speed, but will continue to monitor situation to ensure the other vessel takes avoiding action.
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I will maintain my course and speed.
This vessel is clearly a power-driven vessel and I anticipate that the bearing will therefore close and she will pass ahead at a safe distance.
Risk of collision is deemed to exist and, as the other vessel is on a steady bearing on my starboard side, I am required to keep out of the way. I will make a broad alteration of course to starboard.
A ship is equipped with a right-handed fixed pitch propeller, which when going from Full Ahead to Full Astern will make the ship sheer to starboard. Can anything be done to reduce this change in heading?
The rudder can be put to Hard to Port to reduce the water from to the right side of the propeller.
The rudder can be put from side to side in a “Rudder Cycling” movement.
The rudder should be kept amidships when going astern and there is little that can be done to reduce the swing to starboard.
The rudder should be put Hard to Port to reduce the water flow to the left side of the propeller.
Can the OOW be the sole lookout?
During daylight when visibility and traffic allows.
Never should the Officer of the Watch be the only lookout.
When the visibility is good and the ship is in the middle of the ocean where there is very little shipping.
Only if the ARPA radar is set onto Auto Acquisition with an audio alarm sounding when a ship is detected.
What corrections must be applied to the echo sounder reading to compare the depth of water with the depth printed on the chart?
Allowance for the ships speed.
The distance between the pulse Transmitter and Receiver.
You are in an area of restricted visibility. You hear this sound signal. What does it mean?
That there is a vessel in distress nearby.
That there is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity.
That there is a vessel aground in the vicinity.
That there is a vessel engaged in underwater operations in the vicinity. She has divers down.
Two ships travelling in opposite directions are to pass each other in a narrow river, as illustrated. Explain what is likely to happen as they pass each other?
Due to interaction, the bows will repel each other, and then when alongside each other the two ships will be sucked together and finally the sterns will be repelled as they start to pass clear.
Due to interaction, the bows will attract each other as they approach, then they will repel each other alongside and as they pass clear, the sterns will be attracted.
As they approach, rudder should be applied quickly to avoid sheering into the path of each other. Then as they are alongside they will be attracted and finally repel each other as they pass clear.
There will be very little effect between the two ships as they pass.
The ship’s rudder is full over when the ship’s engines are full ahead. Will the turning effect (lift force) of the rudder be changed when the engine is stopped?
Yes, the lift force will be dramatically reduced when the engines are stopped.
No, the turning force applied by the rudder will be maintained within about 90 % of the lift force when going full ahead.
No, the lift force is unaffected by the speed of the propeller.
Yes, the lift or turning force will be reduced to about 50 % of the original lift force when the engines are stopped.
Which of the four calculations illustrated is the correct one to determine the latitude of the observer when the sun is on the meridian?
Calculation 3 is correct.
Calculation 4 is correct.
Calculation 2 is correct.
Calculation 1 is correct.
You are in open water and clear conditions. You are approaching the pilot station when you hear this signal from a vessel ahead of you. What does it signify?
That the vessel is operating astern propulsion.
That the vessel is starting his engine and resuming his passage.
That the vessel is altering his course to starboard.
That the vessel is picking up his pilot.
What actions should the Officer of the Watch take when the ship’s steering gear fails?
All of the suggested answers.
Request the engine room to check the steering gear.
Call the Master and advise him of the situation.
Display the NUC signal and consider stopping the engines.
Where can the size of the Magnetic Compass Error be found?
By taking a transit bearing of two fixed geographical positions and comparing it with the bearing of the same points on the chart.
On the chart in the centre of the compass rose or by reference to the Variation chart, taking into account the annual changes.
By taking the error from the Deviation Table on the bridge.
By reference to the last entry in the Compass Error Log Book.
What can be used to reduce the effect of the state of sea-water?
Who is responsible for the number and the position of any tugs to be used during a mooring operation?
The Master, with consideration of the advice of the pilot.
The Port Authority will dictate the tug requirements and their use within the port limits.
It will be only the wind speed that will determine the required number of tugs and how they are used.
The Pilot is fully responsible for the number and use of tugs within the port area.
When splicing an eye on a mooring wire (using the recommended 5 full tucks and 2 half tucks) the effective breaking strength of the wire may be affected by the splice. What would be the anticipated change in the breaking strength of the wire?
A reduction in strength of 10 % to 15 %.
A reduction in strength of 30 % to 40 %.
A reduction in strength of 1 % to 5 %.
No reduction in strength.
What is the correct understanding of the term “Block Coefficient” as applied to a ship?
The comparisons of the underwater shape of the ship, to a rectangular block of the same extreme dimensions.
The ratio of the waterplane shape of the ship to a rectangle of the same extreme dimensions.
The restriction of a valve in a pipe to the flow of fluid through that pipe.
The coefficient of a Block and Tackle.
Is the location of the Compass Binnacle critical?
Yes, for the reasons stated in all of the suggested answers.
Yes, it should be on the fore and aft centreline of the ship.
Yes, it should be away from all electrical power cables.
Yes, it should be sited on a non-metallic base if possible.
What action should the Officer of the Watch (OOW) take if he is forced to make a major deviation from the voyage plan?
Make an appropriate entry in the Log Book.
There is no special action necessary.
Check that the deviation will not lead into danger.
What is the probable cause of an error in position of the ship obtained from the GPS system?
Incorrect height of the antenna.
Abnormal sun spot activity causing unusual radiation effects.
A three dimensional instead of a two dimensional position output.
All of the suggested answers.
The tug has been released and is all clear. As officer in charge of that operation, should this be reported and to whom?
Reported all clear to the Bridge.
Report all clear to the tug.
No need for reporting as the order was given from the bridge.
Report all clear to the Engine Room.
What is “AIR DRAUGHT”, in the figure?
Air draught is indicated by C, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by A, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by D, in the figure.
Air draught is indicated by B, in the figure.
You are approaching a port in a snowstorm. You hear this signal. What kind of vessel is it and what is it doing?
It comes from a vessel engaged in pilotage duties and it is making way through the water.
It comes from a vessel engaged in pilotage duties at anchor, over 100 metres in length.
It comes from a vessel at anchor, less than 100 metres in length.
It comes from a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre.
When using the echo sounder in a river the soundings indicated may be incorrect, what would be the most probable cause of the error?
The density of the water.
There should be no error with a properly working echo sounder.
The strength of the tide and current in the river.
The Master arrives on the bridge obviously under the influence of alcohol and states he is taking over the “con” of the ship. What actions should the Officer of the Watch (OOW) take in this situation?
Attempt to diplomatically avoid taking any actions that would put the ship or crew into danger and call the Chief Officer for assistance.
Watch the actions made by the Master and if not dangerous, wait until the Master becomes more capable to take control or leaves the bridge.
Tell the Master you consider him incapable of taking over the responsibility of the watch and that he should retire to his cabin and sleep it off.
Tell the Master you do not think this is a good idea and retain control of the watch.
Which of the four figures illustrated shows the correct position line for the following situation: Latitude 50° 00′ N, Longitude 30° 00′ W, Time 1200 GMT. Course steered: 090° True, Speed: 12 knots, bearing of the sun: 200°, Intercept correction: 00° 02′ Towards (observed altitude – computed altitude).
You are on a tug and are towing an unmanned barge. You are restricted in your ability to manoeuvre. The total length of the tow is 219 metres. What daylight signals are required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea?
A diamond shape, where it can best be seen shall be displayed on the tug and the tow. Three shapes shall also be displayed in a vertical line, the upper and lower being balls and the middle one a diamond. Diamond shape.
Three shapes shall be displayed on the tug, where they can best be seen, in a vertical line, the upper and lower being balls and the middle one a cylinder. The signal flag “T” shall also be flown on the tug. A diamond shall be displayed aft on the tow.
Three shapes shall be displayed forward on the tug, in a vertical line, the upper and lower being balls and the middle one a diamond.
A diamond shape, where it can best be seen, on the tug only. Three shapes shall also be displayed, being three balls in a vertical line.
What does this signal hoist mean?
I require immediate assistance.
Do you require assistance?
I require medical assistance.
Which of the following figures drawn on the plane of the Meridian is correct for an observer in position Latitude 30° 00′ North; Longitude 15° 00′ West, when observing the sun on the meridian, if the sun’s Declination is 15° 00′ South?
Where would the “pivot point” be considered to be located when the ship is proceeding at full speed ahead and there is no wind or current?
At about 1/6 of the ship’s length from the bow.
At about 1/6 of the ship’s length from the stern.
At a position near the stern of the ship.
What is the description for a sidelight, as shown in rule 21 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea?
A green light on the starboard side and red light on the port side, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 112,5°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on the respective side.
A red light or a green light, with a minimum range, in a vessel of 50 metres or more, of 3 miles. In a vessel of 10 metres.
A red, green or yellow lantern, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 112,5°.
A green light on the starboard side and red light on the port side, showing an unbroken light over an arc of 135°, from right ahead to 22,5° abaft the beam on the respective side.
What is happening here?
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional volutary signals for hauling nets.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing (pair trawling), showing the additional voluntary signals for shooting nets.
This is a vessel engaged in towing a disabled tow, restricted in its ability to manoeuvre, with a searchlight used to highlight the location of the tow.
These are two vessels engaged in fishing, using purse-seine gear. The searchlights are simply working lights.
The gyro compass can suffer from a compass error and may need to be allowed for, when steering a course in a dangerous navigational area. What is the probable cause of the error?
An uncorrected course and speed error.
Fluctuations in the electrical supply to the compass.
The rudder is in the hard over position with the propeller stopped and the ship turning slowly. On a ship with a single fixed pitch right handed propeller and no thrusters, what can be done to make the ship increase the speed of turn without significantly increasing the forward speed of the ship?
Give the engines a short kick ahead.
Give dead slow ahead on the engines and leave the rudder in the hard over position.
Give half astern on the engines as this will increase the rate of turn.
Give full astern on the engines until ship has stopped and then full ahead on the engines with rudder hard over.
What is the purpose of a sea anchor?
To keep the lifeboat steady against the sea/wind.
To keep the lifeboat in a position close to the vessel.
To adjust the drifting speed of the lifeboat.
To give a better signals to any aircraft searching for survivors.
What is the two letter signal, to be used by flags, radiotelephony or radiotelegraphy, meaning “Calling All Ships”?
Rule 12 of the International Collision Regulations prescribes the action to be taken by a sailing vessel when meeting another sailing vessel. This depends on the direction of the wind relative to each vessel. In the situation shown here, which sailing vessel (A or B) must keep out of the way of the other?
Sailing vessel A must keep out of the way of sailing vessel B.
Sailing vessel B must keep out of the way of sailing vessel A.
Both sailing vessels are required to take avoiding action.
The upwind sailing vessel must keep out of the way of the downwind sailing vessel.
What would be the effects of a ship passing into shallow water?
The ship is less responsive to both rudder and propeller.
There is no noticeable difference in performance of the ship.
The speed is not affected, but more rudder is required to steer the ship.
The vessel has a tendency to swing to port with a single fixed-pitch right-hand turning propeller.
Where can a ship expect an act of piracy to take place?
At the south end of the Red Sea.
Two ships travelling in opposite directions are to pass each other in a narrow river, as illustrated. Explain what is likely to happen as they pass each other?
Due to interaction, the bows will repel each other, and then when alongside each other the two ships will be sucked together and finally the sterns will be repelled as they start to pass clear.
Due to interaction, the bows will attract each other as they approach, then they will repel each other alongside and as they pass clear, the sterns will be attracted.
As they approach, rudder should be applied quickly to avoid sheering into the path of each other. Then as they are alongside they will be attracted and finally repel each other as they pass clear.
There will be very little effect between the two ships as they pass.
What corrections must be applied to the echo sounder reading to compare the depth of water with the depth printed on the chart?
Allowance for the ships speed.
The distance between the pulse Transmitter and Receiver.
What does this flag mean?
I have a diver down; keep well clear at slow speed.
My vessel is stopped and making no way through the water.
I wish to communicate with you.
The IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases are recommended to be used when the ship’s Officer is verbally talking to whom?
In circumstances described in all of the answers provided.
When talking on the VHF between ships.
When giving orders on board with other seafarers.
When talking between ship and shore personnel.
Why should Ground Stabilised True Motion display mode be avoided when using the ARPA for anti-collision purposes?
The collision regulations are based on ship courses through the water.
True motion does not provide the collision risk of other ships.
The true vector can never give an indication of collision risk with another ship.
The Relative Motion display and relative vectors is the only display to use for anti-collision purposes.
What is the purpose of a fire wire?
A wire for pulling burning ships off the pier.
A wire for pulling fire-hoses up to the top bridge.
A wire for handling fire buckets.
A wire for securing the Fire Tug alongside a burning ship.
How will the ship behave if it experiences a complete loss of power (blackout) in the situation illustrated?
The vessel will gradually swing to port and the speed will slowly reduce.
The vessel will continue on course and the speed will slowly reduce.
The vessel will gradually swing to starboard and the speed will slowly reduce.
The wind will push the vessel sideways, but the heading will not change.
What are the immediate duties of the bridge Officer of the Watch when the ship suddenly runs into a fog bank?
Commence sounding the fog signal, engines on standby, call the Master and lookout, if not already on duty.
Commence sounding the fog signal and reduce speed to Slow Ahead.
Commence sounding the fog signal and call the Master and wait for him to arrive before taking any further actions.
Commence sounding the fog signal and if the radar indicates no echoes in the vicinity, proceed at the normal speed until ships are detected on the radar or until the fog lifts.
The bridge Officer of the Watch (OOW) is plotting the ship’s position in the chartroom, when the ship is in collision with a fishing vessel. Why would the OOW be held responsible for the collision?
Under the Rules a proper lookout should be maintained at all times and by all available means.
If risk of Collision existed, the fishing boat should have contacted the larger ship over the VHF before the collision took place.
Under the Rules the fishing vessel should have kept clear of larger vessels and the OOW would not be responsible.
If the OOW is busy with the safe navigation of the ship he should have exhibited the “Not under Command” signals and made other ships keep clear.
What possible reason could there be for the identification mark associated with a Racon not being visible on the radar screen?
All of the suggested answers.
The Racon may not be transmitting a pulse.
The transmitted radar frequency may not trigger the Racon transmitter.
The radar may be suppressing the mark with application of the Interference Rejection control.
A tug is moving towards the bow of the ship to make fast and is in the vicinity of the ship’s shoulder, as illustrated. What specific danger should be considered when making this approach to the bow?
The tug may be turned across the bow of the ship and also suffer a lose of stability with a danger of being turned over if touched by the ship.
The positive pressure field at the ships bow may repel the tug and make the connection very difficult to establish.
The stern of the tug may be sucked in towards the bow and also suffer a reduction in the positive GM, making it very unstable.
All of the alternative answers.
According to rule 13 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, what is the definition of “an overtaking vessel”?
When coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22,5° abaft her beam.
When the vessel is detected as a radar target or sighted visually in a position directly astern.
When coming up with another vessel from any direction abaft her beam.
When coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 45° abaft her beam.
What is the direction of wind associated with an anticyclone (area of high pressure) in the Northern Hemisphere?
Clockwise around the high pressure.
Straight towards the centre of the anticyclone.
Anticlockwise around the high pressure.
Directly away from the centre of the anticyclone towards the nearest Low pressure.
If your vessel is fitted with wires on self-stowing “split drum” winches, the advantage of having these split drum winches is:
All the listed alternatives.
Increased brake holding capacity due to the ability to keep the paid out wire in a single layer on the drum.
Less chance of the wire being jammed in the reel.
In the figure, which letter gives the correct understanding of the term “LENGTH OVERALL”?
Length Overall is indicated by B, in the figure.
Length Overall is indicated by D, in the figure.
Length Overall is indicated by A, in the figure.
Length Overall is indicated by C, in the figure.
The Second Officer, when on watch on the bridge, is often referred to as the OOW. What does OOW actually stand for?
On official watchkeeping.
What type of vessel is this and from what direction are you seeing it?
This is a vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling, making way through the water, with outlying gear extending more than 150 m in the direction of the all-round white light. I am looking at her port side.
This is a vessel engaged in fishing other than trawling, making way through the water, with outlying gear extending more than 150 m in the direction of the all-round red light. I am seeing her from astern.
This is a vessel engaged in pilotage operations, deploying or recovering a pilot. I am looking at her port side.
This is a vessel engaged in pilotage duties at anchor. I am looking at her port side.
Is the location of the Compass Binnacle critical?
Yes, for the reasons stated in all of the suggested answers.
Yes, it should be on the fore and aft centreline of the ship.
Yes, it should be away from all electrical power cables.
Yes, it should be sited on a non-metallic base if possible.
What are we seeing here?
A sailing vessel less than 20 metres in length, displaying the optional combined lantern in lieu of standard sailing lights, seen head-on.
A sailing vessel, seen from astern, where the edges of her sidelights are both visible.
A sailing vessel, at anchor.
A sailing vessel of less than 10 metres in length, displaying the mandatory combined lantern in lieu of sailing lights, seen head-on.
The ship’s engine is going astern and the ship is piking up sternway. The rudder is amidships and the ship has a single, right-handed, fixed pitch propeller. What would be expected to happen?
Which approved publication should be used by a seafarer to help overcome any misunderstanding in communications?
The (IMO) Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) booklet.
The Oxford Concise Dictionary.
The (ISC) Bridge Procedures Guide.
Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.
The Master arrives on the bridge obviously under the influence of alcohol and states he is taking over the “con” of the ship. What actions should the Officer of the Watch (OOW) take in this situation?
Attempt to diplomatically avoid taking any actions that would put the ship or crew into danger and call the Chief Officer for assistance.
Watch the actions made by the Master and if not dangerous, wait until the Master becomes more capable to take control or leaves the bridge.
Tell the Master you consider him incapable of taking over the responsibility of the watch and that he should retire to his cabin and sleep it off.
Tell the Master you do not think this is a good idea and retain control of the watch.
If a distress signal is received on board your ship, what should be the first action that should be taken?
Attempt to establish contact with the distressed vessel.
Contact SAR Authorities via nearest coastal Radio station.
Determine how close your vessel is to the distressed vessel.
Determine if anyone else has heard the distress signal and if your vessel is near the distress.
When should gangway nets be rigged?
Whenever the gangway is rigged.
Between sunset and sunrise.
Whenever the gangway is regarded as unsafe.
When it is deemed necessary by the Master of the Chief Officer.
What would be considered the most favourable heading of a ship when launching a lifeboat?
The ship should steer about 30° off the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launch on the leeside.
The ship should steer about 100° of the prevailing weather and sea with the boat to be launched on the leeside.
The ship should lie stopped in the water with the weather on the opposite side to the boat to be launched.
The ship should steer with the prevailing weather and sea on the beam and the boat to be launch on the leeside.
What is the advantages of a GPS satellite system compared to other navigational aids?
The GPS system gives information about position, speed and time continuously world wide.
The GPS system is based on hyperbola navigation.
The GPS system has a built-in group of six radio-beacons called a Decca chain.
The GPS system gives information about weather and wave conditions in the area.
What are the limits of a passage or voyage plan?
From Full Away On Passage (FAOP) to End Of Passage (EOP).
It is dependant on the voyage and if there are any river or canal transits.
What is the weather associated with being in the centre of an Anticyclone (a region of High Pressure)?
Light winds and fair weather, sometimes fog.
Strong winds but with very little rain.
Persistent rain and very humid weather.
Strong winds and heavy rain.
You are proceeding along a coastal route when you hear this signal. The visibility is severely restricted. What does the signal mean?
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is more than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels, directing them to “keep clear”.
There is a vessel aground in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels to “navigate with extreme caution”.
There is a vessel at anchor in the vicinity. She is less than 100 metres in length. She is sounding an additional warning to approaching vessels that they are “running into danger”.
Which approved publication should be used by a seafarer to help overcome any misunderstanding in communications?
The (IMO) Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) booklet.
The Oxford Concise Dictionary.
The (ISC) Bridge Procedures Guide.
Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.
In the Beaufort Scale of Wind Force, what is the Beaufort number associated with the wind force known as a “Gale”? This should not be confused with a “Near Gale” or “Strong Gale”?
Which of the following answers correctly specify the following most common rudders? a) UNBALANCED, b) BALANCED, c) SEMI-BALANCED and d) UNDERHUNG BALANCED. i. e. The number in the picture is related to the letter adjacent to the name of the rudder.
1 = a, 2 = b, 3 = c and 4 = d.
1 = d, 2 = a, 3 = b and 4 = c.
1 = b, 2 = c, 3 = d and 4 = a.
1 = c, 2 = d, 3 = a and 4 = b.